Question of the Day What does an enzyme do? An enzyme speeds up the reactions that break down food What is a denatured enzyme? An enzyme that does not work correctly

Objective Explain how an enzyme functions By the end of class today, you will be able to: Explain how an enzyme functions Describe the factors that affect enzymes

Lactase Lab Data 100 mg/dL 500 mg/dL 100 mg/dL 100 mg/dL Negative Test Tube Test Solution Predicted glucose Initial glucose Final glucose A Milk and Enzyme B Milk and Water C Milk and Denatured Enzyme D Sucrose and Enzyme Your Answer Here 100 mg/dL 500 mg/dL 100 mg/dL 100 mg/dL Your Answer Here Your Answer Here Negative Negative Your Answer Here Negative Negative

Lab Analysis Questions 1. What are the two monosaccharides that comprise a molecule of lactose? Galactose and Glucose

Lab Analysis Questions 2. What are the two monosaccharides that comprise a molecule of sucrose? Glucose and Fructose

Lab Analysis Questions  3. How does the lactase enzyme function in our digestive system? The lactase enzyme attaches to the disaccharide lactose and breaks it apart This gives our body access to glucose (simple sugar)

How does an enzyme function?

Lab Analysis Questions 4. Does an enzyme make a reaction happen that wouldn’t occur naturally? No, an enzyme can’t magically make a reaction happen Instead, an enzyme speeds up a reaction that would normally occur

Lab Analysis Questions 5. What does denatured mean, and what does a denatured enzyme do? Denatured means that it doesn’t work like it should De = opposite of natured = natural A denatured enzyme does not break down the food that it should Look at the data table

Lab Analysis Questions 6. What does it mean to be lactose intolerant? People with lactose intolerance are unable to break down the sugar that is in dairy products This means that they feel sick to their stomach when they eat/drink dairy products like milk

What factors affect enzymes? pH Temperature Substrate concentration Inhibitors

pH All enzymes have an optimum pH This means that they only work at certain places in the human body Saliva has an optimum pH of 7 and is found in the mouth Pepsin has an optimum pH of 2 and is found in the stomach Lactase has an optimum pH 6.5 and is found in the small intestine

What does this indicate about our digestive system? pH = 7 pH = 2 pH = 6.5

pH When an enzyme is placed in an pH too far from it’s optimum range it gets denatured

Temperature For our lab, I boiled the enzyme for ½ an hour What do you think this did to the enzyme? It denatured the enzyme What do you think would happen if I froze the enzyme for ½ an hour? It would have denatured the enzyme

Substrate Concentration Concentration means the amount of a substance in a given area Class as model Three volunteers to be enzymes (lactase) Volunteers to be substrates (lactose)

Inhibitors Competitive Non-competitive Bind to the active site and prevent substrate from binding Occupy the active site Draw example of lactase and galactose Non-competitive Bind somewhere other than the active site Change the shape of the active site Model with hands

Objective Explain how an enzyme functions By the end of class today, you will be able to: Explain how an enzyme functions Describe the factors that affect enzymes