Effect of short-term transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on sleep: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in postmenopausal women Päivi Polo-Kantola,

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Effect of short-term transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on sleep: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in postmenopausal women Päivi Polo-Kantola, M.D., Risto Erkkola, M.D., Kerttu Irjala, M.D., Sirkku Pullinen, R.N., Irina Virtanen, Olli Polo, M.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 71, Issue 5, Pages 873-880 (May 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00062-X

FIGURE 1 Flow chart for the study. Of the entire study group (n = 71), 5 women withdrew from follow-up, 1 was excluded because she began taking an antidepressant drug during the trial, and 3 were excluded because of incomplete entries. The final study group comprised 62 women. Fertility and Sterility 1999 71, 873-880DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00062-X)

FIGURE 2 The frequency of climacteric vasomotor symptoms, sleeping complaints, climacteric somatic symptoms, and climacteric mood symptoms at baseline (hatched bars), during the placebo treatment (open bars), and during ERT (solid bars) in the entire study group (n = 62). Estrogen replacement therapy alleviated hot flashes (P<.001), sweating (P<.001), sleeping problems (P<.001), and headache (P=.002). Fertility and Sterility 1999 71, 873-880DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00062-X)