Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages (September 2008)

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Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages 829-838 (September 2008) Neural Circuitry Underlying the Regulation of Conditioned Fear and Its Relation to Extinction Mauricio R. Delgado, Katherine I. Nearing, Joseph E. LeDoux, Elizabeth A. Phelps Neuron Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages 829-838 (September 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Description of Experimental Conditions and Behavioral Data (A) Participants were exposed to two different types of trial (Attend, Regulate) that varied with respect to cognitive instruction and two types of stimuli (conditioned stimulus or CS+ and CS−) that were either paired or not paired with a potential aversive consequence (i.e., the unconditioned stimulus, shock). (B) Physiological responses, measured by skin conductance, to different trial types. Error bars reflect standard error (±SEM). Neuron 2008 59, 829-838DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 BOLD Signals in dlPFC during Regulation (A) BOLD responses in dlPFC (in blue) are higher during Regulate compared to Attend CS+ trials. (B) Correlation between physiological measure of regulation success and BOLD levels in dlPFC reflecting differential response of Attend and Regulate CS+ trials. Neuron 2008 59, 829-838DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Activation of the Subgenual Anterior Cingulate (BA 32) and Mean Beta Weights The pattern of BOLD response in this vmPFC ROI resembles observations of similar regions of interest in previous extinction studies (Milad et al., 2005; Phelps et al., 2004). Error bars reflect standard error (±SEM). Neuron 2008 59, 829-838DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Mean Beta Weights Reflecting BOLD Responses in the Left Amygdala for the Main Conditions Error bars reflect standard error (±SEM). Neuron 2008 59, 829-838DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Similarities between BOLD Responses in the vmPFC in Two Separate Fear Conditioning Experiments The left panel displays mean beta weights in the vmPFC for CS+ trials during both early (red) and late (yellow) extinction of conditioned fear (data from Milad et al., 2005; Phelps et al., 2004). The right panel displays mean beta weights in the vmPFC ROI from the current experiment for both Attend (purple) and Regulate (light blue) CS+ trials. Error bars reflect standard error (±SEM). Neuron 2008 59, 829-838DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Connectivity Analysis Using vmPFC Seed ROI Time Course as Predictor Regions in the dlPFC (green circle) and amygdala (yellow circle) are found to correlate with the seed ROI. Neuron 2008 59, 829-838DOI: (10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions