METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks that form from other pre-existing rock (sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic) that have been changed from high temperature and/or.

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“If something is gneiss, don’t take it for granite.”

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Presentation transcript:

METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks that form from other pre-existing rock (sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic) that have been changed from high temperature and/or high pressure

Metamorphic Rocks

Conditions that cause rock to undergo metamorphism include: Heat - Under conditions of high temperature from magma contacting pre-existing rock. Pressure - Deep burial and pressure from mountain formation.

Types of Metamorphism 1. Contact Metamorphism 2. Regional Metamorphism

Contact Metamorphism Deep burial and pressure from mountain formation. The main metamorphic agent is heat. Also forms when pre-existing rock comes into contact with molten lava or magma. The heat from the molten material is hot enough to cause the minerals in the original rock to re-crystallize, but not melt.

Regional Metamorphism Covers large areas typically associated with mountains Deep burial and pressure from mountain formation. Heat and Pressure change the rock

Types of Metamorphic Rocks Foliated: rocks with mineral crystals arranged in cable-like distorted layers/structures Mineral Alignment Banding Nonfoliated: rocks with recrystallized minerals; no layering Recrystallization: This is the growth of new mineral crystals from other rocks.

Scheme for Metamorphic Rock Identification Texture Composition Type of Metamorphism Comment Rock Name Mica Regional (Heat and Pressure increase w/ depth) Low-Grade metamorphism of SHALE Mica, Quartz, Feldspar, Amphiboles, Garnet Foliation surfaces shiny from microscopic mica crystals Mica, Quartz, Feldspar, Amphiboles, Garnet, Pyroxene Platy mica crystals visible Compact, may split easily Slate ALIGNMENT MINERAL FOLIATED Phyllite Schist BAND- ING Gneiss

Rock Name Rock Type Shale Sedimentary ----- Slate Metamorphic Low Progression of Metamorphism Start with a shale and then hit it with heat and pressure! Rock Name Rock Type Grade of Metamorphism Shale Sedimentary ----- Slate Metamorphic Low Phyllite Low/Intermediate Schist Intermediate/High Gneiss High Molten Rock Cools into Igneous Rock More Heat & Pressure

Shale (Sedimentary Rock) Slate (Metamorphic Rock) Heat & Pressure

Slate (Metamorphic Rock) Phyllite (Metamorphic Rock) Heat & Pressure

Phyllite (Metamorphic Rock) Heat & Pressure Schist (Metamorphic Rock)

With even more heat & pressure (High-Grade Metamorphism) … you end up with something that is really Gneiss! 13

Scheme for Metamorphic Rock Identification Texture Composition Type of Metamorphism Comment Rock Name Variable Contact (Heat) Various rocks changed by nearby magma/lava Quartz Metamorphism of Quartz Calcite and/or Dolomite Metamorphism of Various minerals in particles and matrix Pebbles may be distorted or stretched Hornfels Sandstone Quartzite NONFOLIATED Regional (Heat & Pressure) Marble Limestone or Dolostone Metaconglomerate 14

Where are metamorphic rocks found? At the interface between igneous and sedimentary rocks Mountainous regions

How are rocks classified? THE ROCK CYCLE How are rocks classified?