Overview of heavy flavor v2 ShinIchi Esumi, Inst. of Physics Univ. of Tsukuba (1) RAA and v2 of various particle species meson/baryon and hadron/photon hydro-collective flow and recombination (2) Heavy flavor electron measurements non-photonic electron RAA, pT slope, v2 charm quark collectivity (radial/elliptic) (3) Future single muon v2, D v2, J/y v2 STAR/PHENIX upgrade I. Choi, W. Dong, M. Issah, R. Lacey, H. Masui, S. Sakai, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Y. Zhang 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Nuclear modification factor : RAA, RCP (1) suppression of hadrons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC with respect to binary N-N collision scaling (2) baryon vs meson difference (3) no suppression in direct photon RAA=yieldAA/(yieldpp*Ncoll_AA) RCP=(yieldcent/Ncoll_cent)/(yieldperi/Ncoll_peri) baryons direct photon mesons hadrons 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Elliptic event anisotropy : v2 f N Elliptic event anisotropy : v2 DF Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 032302 (2006) 0.0 0.1 0.2 v2 baryons mesons (1) hydro-like mass ordering (2) baryon/meson ordering in hadron v2 R * v2(dire. g ) R = Ngincl. / Nghadronic (3) The measurement (smaller v2) favors prompt photon production for dominant source of direct photon. 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba mT + nquark scaling of v2 WWND 2006, M. Issah mass mT slope A+A p+p radial flow original hadron v2 mT scaling alone KET = mT – mass (hadron) quark number scaled v2 nquark scaling alone mT + nquark scaling 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Hydro-trend at low pT & quark recombination at mid pT v2 PHENIX preliminary 0-93% Au+Au 200GeV H. Masui QM05 mT + nquark scaling pT (GeV/c) STAR preliminary 0-80% Au+Au 200GeV Yan Lu SQM05 P. Sorensen SQM05 M. Oldenburg QM05 K0S L X W This mT + nquark scaling includes both hydro-trend and quark recombination, therefore it’s not really new. It gives a good description of large sets of data for wider pT region　(low-pT to mid-pT), but fails at higher pT. mT + nquark scaling 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Quark recombination needed also for J/Y data… no recombination no recombination 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Early freeze-out for f, X, W and J/y, but still flows Compiled by N. Xu, SQM 2006 PHENIX (, K, p, J/): PRC69, 034909(04), QM05; STAR (, , ): QM05 RHIC SPS SPS a hint for non-zero radial flow of J/y in early hadronic stage or flow of charm quark in late QGP phase 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Semi-leptonic decay of open-charm Ne : inclusive electron yield material amounts : 0 1.1% 1.7% Dalitz : 0.8% X0 equivalent With converter Conversion in converter W/O converter 0.8% Non-photonic Conversion from known material ? % Photonic cocktail method converter method 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Non-suppressed total charm yield (lower pT) Non-suppressed charm yield at low pT : they are initially produced and survived until the end, did they interact with the produced hot matter? We do not know the answer, that’s why we also measure their v2 and pT slope. 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Radial flow of charm quark Yifei Zhang AuAu Central charm hadron AuAu Central , K, p AuAu Central strangeness hadron another hint for non-zero radial flow of D-meson or flow of charm quark!? Brast-wave fit to D-meson and single electron and muon from D-meson decay spectra 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Inclusive electron v2 and photonic contribution Estimation of photonic electron v2 : decay kinematics simulation and/or experimental determination via with/without converter measurement. e v2 with converter to enhance photonic electron yield Ratio of non-photonic over photonic electron yields (which is S/N) should be given in order to extract non-photonic electron v2. e v2 without converter photonic e v2 line : estimated with p0 v2 measurement and simulation Non-pho./pho. Run04: X=0.4% inclusive e v2 Run02: X=1.3% 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Extracted non-photonic electron v2 coalescence model prediction. with/without charm quark flow Greco, Ko, Rapp: PLB 595 (2004) 202 v2incl. = Nnon-ph. v2non-ph. + Nphot. v2phot. Nnon-ph. + Nphot. the 3rd hint for non-zero elliptic flow of charm quark!? 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Extraction of D meson v2 Shingo Sakai c2 test with one free amplitude parameter : v2 = A * f(pT) electron v2 from D meson decay D meson v2 Minimum c2 data are plotted for each assumption PHENIX preliminary data (1) different v2(pt) shape assumptions for D meson (2) pT distribution by pythia tuned to reproduce electron spectra at 130GeV Au+Au (3) c2 restricted up to pT<2GeV/c D meson v2 D meson v2 : between p and d massD meson ~ massdeuteron 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Extraction of charm quark v2 Shingo Sakai B. Zhang et al., nucl-th/0502056 mass effect in number of quark scaling v2meson (pT) = v21 (R1 pT) + v22 (R2 pT) Ri = mi / mM (mi : effective mass of quark i) (Phys.Rev. C68 (2003) 044901 Zi-wei & Dence Molnar) v2π(pT) ~ 2*v2q(1/2pT) v2D(pT) ~ v2u (1/6*pT) + v2c (5/6*pT) Shingo preliminary quark v2 u/d/(s) quarks v2 Different shape assumptions for D meson v2 are propagated from the previous page in order to extract charm quark v2, the same minimum c2 data are chosen again for each assumption. c quark v2 quark pT (GeV/c) 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Electron v2 from B meson Shingo Sakai If B meson decay dominates non-photonic electron yield (RBD ~ 1) already at 2~3GeV/c (unlikely?), v2B could be as large as v2D. Otherwise, v2B should be smaller. RBD measurement will be crucial. v2 1 Nelec.D + Nelec.B Nelec.B to be determined Experimentally RBD = RBD v2D = v2B : flat or decreasing D -> e B -> e (v2B : flat at high pT) B -> e (v2B : decreasing at high pT) pT pT (GeV/c) 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Electron v2 analysis in STAR Weijiang Dong Shower shape in EMC dE/dx in TPC Conversion and dalitz rejection with minv. Momentum in TPC vs. Energy in EMC The detector material in STAR caused too much photonic background, which caused huge systematic and statistical uncertainties. Our result is not sensitive enough to make any conclusion about heavy quark v2 so far. More work ahead! --- Weijiang, 8/Dec/2005 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba J/y v2, D v2, single muon v2 Ihnjea Choi tracker identifier absorber collision vertex range prompt muon decay muon punch-through hadron stopped hadron 99% hadron absorbed We only need high statistics for D, J/Y v2. Hadron measurement in muon arm is “easy”. We look for a few % prompt muon signal out of fully reconstructed tracks prompt muon ~ few % pun.-thr. had ~ few % decay muon > 90% z-vertex position number of full track ~ 800(ee) + ~ 5000(mm) J/ys from full run4 200GeV Au+Au 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Future upgrade of STAR/PHENIX detectors A new reaction plane detector (1~|h|~2.5, <cos2DF> ~ 0.7, Pb converter + scintillator) in PHENIX this summer 2006 Heavy Flavor Tracker for STAR PHENIX muon arm Vertex Tracker, Forward Calorimeter for PHENIX 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Thank you very much! (1) RAA and v2 of various particle species meson/baryon and hadron/photon hydro-collective flow and recombination (2) Heavy flavor electron measurements non-photonic electron RAA, pT slope, v2 charm quark collectivity (radial/elliptic) (3) Future single muon v2, D v2, J/y v2 STAR/PHENIX upgrade 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba inclusive g and p0 v2 v2 of direct photon gives complimentary information in understanding the origin of binary scaled direct photon production. Bresmsrahlung, because of larger energy loss v2 < 0 fragmentation in vacuum, from escaped parton v2 > 0 nucl-ex/0508019 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba try to extract direct g v2 v2direct g = R v2inclusive g – v2b.g. R – 1 R = v2inclusive g v2b.g if v2direct g = 0 v2b.g. : expected g v2 from hadronic decays nucl-ex/0508019 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba inclusive g and p0 v2 QM05 : Phenix preliminary run4 v2 0-10 % 10-20 % p0 inclusive g 20-30 % 30-40 % 40-50 % 50-60 % 0 5 pT (GeV/c) 10 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Non-photonic electron (charm origin) RAA compared with p0 RAA Non-photonic electron is less suppressed compared with p0, but it is still a significant suppression RAA~ 0.3 at higher pT region 4~5GeV/c non-photonic electron v2 is similar with other hadrons at low pT but smaller at higher pT region 4~5GeV/c photonic electron v2 originated from p0 is above p0 v2 at low pT and similar to p0 v2 at high pT and subtracted already. (1) q_hat = 0 GeV2/fm (4) dNg / dy = 1000 (2) q_hat = 4 GeV2/fm (3) q_hat = 14 GeV2/fm Important note : RAA is much closer to unity at lower pT compared with p0 or other hadrons 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Non-photonic electron : charm (+beauty) RAA and v2 significant suppression at higher pT, almost same as p0 suppression above 5GeV/c some difference between experiments at higher pT, which needs to be solved. D-meson flows (+ve v2), should determine charm v2 B. Zhang et al. nucl-th/0502056 b contribution less suppression less interaction b contribution less flow less thermalized 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Number of quark scaling of v2 rather good description above 1GeV/c in quark pT remaining mass dependence at lower pT region QM05 PHENIX QM05 STAR v2 is already formed during quark phase before hadronization additional hadronic flow might be there after hadronization 30/Mar/2006, SQM, UCLA ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba