Economic Geology

Mineral resources Renewable Non-renewable Can be replaced in a humans life time Non-renewable Limited supply Can not be replaced in a humans lifetime

Ores Mineral deposit from which a metal or nonmetal can be profitably extracted Native Elements Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.

Clicker Wood is considered… A renewable resource A non-renewable resource Neither It is not a resource

Mineral ores formation Cooling of magma When magma cools dense material sink to the bottom Contact metamorphism Magma comes in contact with rocks Rock changes Dissolve minerals forming veins

Mineral ores formation Placer deposits accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes. Dissolving  Precipitating Water dissolves minerals Water evaporates and minerals precipitate out

Homework Study Table 11-1 (p. 197). Name 4 metallic minerals and 4 non-metallic minerals that you have used in the last few days and describe what they were used for.

Mining video Revised definition of a ore: Any mineral or MATERIAL that has economic value

Types of ores mined from Earth Metallic Copper Gold Silver Graphite Non-metallic Diamonds/ gemstones Salt Gypsum Fuel Oil Natural gas Coal Uranium

Michigan common ores Aggregate Halite / Brine Iron ore Copper Sand, gravel Used for construction Halite / Brine Salt/ Salt water Used for food Deicing (lowers freezing point of water) Iron ore Used for industry Copper Wires Coins

Fossil fuels Organic material that has stored energy Made of hydrocarbons (consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon)

Clicker Aggregate is an important ore. Is it a mineral?

Fossil fuels non-renewable Can not be replaced in our lifetime MILLIONS OF YEARS to form When fossil fuels are burned Combustion reaction CO2 and H2O vapor

Negative impacts Mining/ processing Fossil fuels

Fuel resources Coal: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects: Carbonization: dense forests in low-lying wetland areas, buried under mud and soil. Uses: Primarily burned for electricity Efficiency: <47% Environmental effects: Acid rain from high sulfur content Greenhouse gases Smog

Fuel resources Crude oil: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects: formed when large quantities of dead organisms, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to intense heat and pressure. Uses: Transportation Petroleum products Efficiency: <67% Environmental effects: Greenhouse gasses Oil spills Drilling

Fuel resources Natural gas: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects: formed when layers of buried plants and animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. Uses: ranges and ovens, gas-heated dryers, heating Efficiency: <90% Environmental effects: Greenhouse gasses

Fuel resources Uranium: Uses: Efficiency: Environmental effects: Radioactive element, mined as a ore. Uses: Nuclear fission Splitting of a nucleus of an atom Power Efficiency: <99% Environmental effects: Radioactive waste Mining

Clicker question Which fossil fuel has the highest efficiency? Natural gas Oil Uranium Coal

Nuclear energy