CRCT 1st Qtr. Review

What is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, with a crystal structure, and definite chemical composition?

Mineral

The basic building blocks that make up rocks are called what?

Minerals

What scale ranks ten minerals from softest to hardest?

Moh’s hardness Scale

What is the hardest known mineral to man?

Diamond

What is the softest known mineral to man?

Talc

Rocks are classified by what?

How they were formed

What are the three types of rocks?

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

What rock forms from the cooling of lava or magma?

Igneous

What type of igneous rock forms below the surface?

Intrusive Igneous Rock

An Intrusive Igneous Rock usually cools slowly so what size crystals typically form?

Large, coarse, big

What type of Igneous Rock forms on or above the surface?

Extrusive Igneous Rock

An Extrusive Igneous Rock usually cools quickly so what size crystals typically form?

Small, fine

What rock forms in layers by the 4 step weathering process?

Sedimentary

What rock forms from heat and pressure deep within the Earth?

Metamorphic

What is a rock that contains a metal or a useful mineral?

Ore

When ore is melted to extract the useful metal the process is called what?

Smelting

The law of superposition states what about rock layers?

Youngest on top and oldest on bottom Old – 1 million years Older – 10 million years Oldest – 100 million years

The law of superposition gives us what type of age of rock?

Relative Age

The age of rock compared to the ages of other rocks is called what?

Relative age

The number of years since the rock is formed is called what?

Absolute age

What is the method used to determine absolute age?

Radioactive/Radiometric dating

What three things (changes) can scientists determine from studying fossils?

How life, past environments, and climate have changed.

Fossils prove to us that life has changed from what to what?

Simple to complex

T/F = The fossil record shows us how “life” has changed.

True!

T/F = The fossil record shows us that certain organisms no longer live on Earth.

True!

T/F = Scientists can use the fossil record to mark the difference from one geologic time period from another.

True!

Useful or necessary supplies from nature are called what?

Natural resources

Resources that are used much faster than they are formed are called what?

Nonrenewable

Resources that can be continuously reused or replaced as fast as they are used are called what?

Renewable

What are 3 types of nonrenewable resources?

Coal, oil, natural gas

What are 3/5 renewable resources?

Sun, wind, water, trees, biomass

What are 4/6 types of alternative energy resources?

Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, nuclear

Wind and water are both indirect forms of what type of energy?

Solar

What causes most water and air pollution?

Activities of humans. All types

The variable(s) that scientists keep the same throughout an experiment are called what?

Controlled variables

The variable(s) that are considered the results in an experiment are called what?

Responding variable

The variable(s) that scientists change in an experiment are called what?

Manipulated variables

What device do scientists use in order to measure mass?

Triple Beam Balance

What device do scientists use in order to measure volume?

Graduated Cylinder