When Noise Is a Blessing and Not an Annoyance

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When Noise Is a Blessing and Not an Annoyance Stochastic Resonance in a Spatially Extended Chemical System

What is Stochastic Resonance (SR)? SR is a mechanism through which a weak otherwise undetectable periodic signal becomes detectable What is Spatiotemporal Stochastic Resonance (STSR)? Spatial excitation patterns in an extended medium display resonance-type dependence on the noise-variance with the patterns being optimal at intermediate noise level

General introduction to SR Outline General introduction to SR Demonstration Examples The Chemical System – Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction Demonstration Chemical reactions Mechanism (Oregonator Model) Simplified mechanism (Tyson-Fife scaling) Results STSR with colored noise – single wave STSR with white noise – single wave STSR with white noise – wave trains

Photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky-reaction Components: NaBrO3 H2SO4 Malonic acid/Bromomalonic acid Ru(Bpy)32+ catalyst Key intermediates: HBrO2 Br- Activator Inhibitor Ru(Bpy)32+ Bromomalonic acid Br- l = 460 nm

Excitability Light intensity Photosensitive BZ-reaction Excitability Light intensity Steady state Excitable Oscillatory More light Less light

Periodic signal Threshold Noise + Signal Events: Fourier spectrum:

A little history Proposed explanation of the periodic recurrences of the Earth’s ice ages (1981) First experimental evidence: in a noise-driven electronic circuit (Schmitt trigger) Improved visual perception Crayfish mechanoreceptor (hair cell)

Improve visual perception Enrico Simonotto

Crayfish mechanoreceptor (hair cell)

 Tyson-Fife Scaling of the Oregonator Model (modified to account for photosensitivity) 

Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction

Excitability Light intensity Photosensitive BZ-reaction

Experimental Setup

low excitability - no wave support high excitability (dark) Excitability 255 100% noise low excitability - no wave support (bright) sub-excitable

Experimental Results Noise level = 0 Noise level = 30%

SNR as a function of cluster size

Numerical Results Noise level = 0 Noise level = 30% Noise level = 60%

Where to go? Refresh rate dependence Cluster size/shape/density dependence Truly white noise Time series for each cluster

Acknowledgement Jichang Wang Kenneth Showalter Eugene Mihaliuk

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