Diseases in Nature Conference

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Rebecca E. Colman 1, Robert J. Brinkerhoff 2, Adina Doyle 1, Chris Ray 3, Paul Keim 1, Sharon K. Collinge 3, and David M. Wagner 1 1 Northern Arizona University,
Advertisements

Lecture 23 - Zoonotic Infections
Zoonotic infection. Causative agents of the plague, tularemia, brucellosis and anthrax. Laboratory diagnostics and prophylaxis of diseases. Vinnitsa National.
BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN AND AROUND BIKANER, RAJASTHAN, INDIA Prof. (Dr.) R.K. Tanwar Director Clinic (Ex.) College Of Veterinary & Animal.
Bioterrorist Agents: Tularemia
1 Materials reviewed by National Johne's Working Group / Johne's Disease Committee / USAHA 2003 Johne’s Disease - It’s not just for cattle any more. Elizabeth.
Tularemia in wild rodents and lagomorphs in Canada Gary Wobeser, Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Department of Veterinary Pathology, U of.
Pseudorabies Control Program 4-H Veterinary Science Extension Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical.
Introduction to Tickborne Diseases
Brucella Six species of Brucella
Dr. drh. Maxs U.E. Sanam, M.Sc. Brucellosis. Brucellosis, is also known as “undulant fever”, “Mediterranean fever” or “Malta fever” is a zoonosis and.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of the Standard Tube Agglutination Test and the ELISA IgG and IgM in Patients with Brucellosis Presented by Dr. Md.
Wildlife Management and Vector Control During Livestock or Poultry Disease Outbreaks.
Methods to Study and Control Diseases in Wild Populations Steve Bellan, MPH Department of Environmental Sci, Pol & Mgmt University of California at Berkeley.
ZOONOTIC DISEASES Tartu Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004.
Bioterrorism MLAB 2434: Microiology Keri Brophy-Martinez.
Introduction to Animal Science
The Epidemiology of Bacterial Infections. 2 Epidemiology ‘The study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations’ The study of: - the occurrence.
DR. M MOHAMMED ARIF. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR. CONSULTANT VIROLOGIST. HEAD OF THE VIROLOGY UNIT. Arboviruses.
NEPAL IS ALSO KNOWN AS. The country of Mount Everest.
Tularemia Rabbit Fever Deer Fly Fever Ohara’s Disease Francis Disease.
1 Tularemia This is an infectious disease caused by the organism Francisella tularensis. The disease this organism causes has a large range of hosts, methods.
BW Agents: Tularemia J.A. Sliman, MD, MPH LCDR MC(FS) USN Preventive Medicine Resident Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
WILD PIG REPRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA …… JUST THE FACTS Kim Marie Tolson, ULM James M. LaCour, LDWF.
1 Community Summary Report on Zoonoses main results presented on 5–6 March 2009 in Brussels Pia Makela, Head of the Zoonoses Data Collection Unit.
Bioterrorist Agents: Brucellosis. Learning Objectives Become familiar with the following aspects of Brucellosis: Become familiar with the following aspects.
Canine Distemper Virus in Mesomammalian Predators of Bobwhite-Quail Krista A. Cox and J. Mitchell Lockhart Department of Biology Valdosta State University.
Anthrax March 23 rd, Bacterial pathogens in soil Many bacteria are natural residents of the soil Some are pathogens Some are zoonoses For the most.
Managing Disease Risk. HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Overview Importance of animal agriculture Biological.
A-1 Development of International Collaboration in Infectious Disease Research “Marine Mammal Disease Investigation in Canada” Ole Nielsen, Department of.
Owen Whillock 12/13/12 Mrs. Boone  Wild Pigs didn’t just come here.  They were brought here by Spanish Explorers.  They went to many parts of Georgia.
Trypanosoma cruzi from Opossums in Southwest Georgia and North Florida Jessica L. Gillis and J. Mitchell Lockhart Department of Biology Valdosta State.
Investigation and molecular typing of Brucella isolated from dairy cattle herd immunized with Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine in Egypt. Dr. Gamal wareth.
Brucellosis The disease and Panbio product training.
West Nile Virus Kimberly Signs, DVM Michigan Department of Community Health.
Brucellosis Dr. Zahoor.
Introduction to Animal Science. SCIENCE n a process through which nature is STUDIED, DISCOVERED, and UNDERSTOOD.
Chapter 18 Section 01. Core Case Study: The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2005 about 42 million people.
Leona River SELECT Modeling and Potential Bacteria Sources Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research Stephenville, Texas January 24,
Trypanosoma cruzi in southwest Georgia raccoons Berrien R. Waters and J. Mitchell Lockhart Department of Biology Valdosta State University Valdosta, Georgia.
Presented by: Najmeh Parhizgari PhD student of medical virology at TUMS Insights to Genetic Characterization Tools for Epidemiological Tracking of Francisella.
Brucella Antibody titers among cattle handlers in a rural community of Bangladesh.
Leptospirosis studies in SAR: CIP highlights from Nepal and Sri Lanka Regional Training in Animal and Human Health Epidemiology in South Asia.
3.1.1 Biodiversity. Biodiversity  A measure of the biological richness of an area taking into account the number of species, community complexity and.
Large Scale Immune Profiling of Infected Humans & Goats Reveals Differential Recognition of Brucella melitensis Antigens Video by Kathryn Dullard
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) Ahmad Al-Majali, DVM, PhD Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Riyadh, KSA
Prof Ulf Magnusson Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of
Tularemia This is an infectious disease caused by the organism Francisella tularensis. The disease this organism causes has a large range of hosts, methods.
Rabies, A Threat to Biodiversity
Wild Sheep Disease Management Venture
Special Acknowledgments
Wildlife and Human Interaction
FIRST YEAR PHD SYMPOSIUM
[Undulant fever, Malta fever, Mediterranean fever]
HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS IN NORTH-WEST ECUADOR: PREVALENCE
Introduction to Animal Science
COURSE: MLSM 505 TOPIC: SPIROCHAETES: LEPTOSPIRA
Francisella tularensis
Riley Byrd and Chunlei Su
HIV Surveillance by Race/Ethnicity.
Chronic Wasting Disease
What is Animal Science? Animal Science is the science of animal growth, selection, breeding, care and management.
Infections in Invasive Alien Species:
Intro to yourself and the North Central CMA
Plague: Out of the Foothills
Mustansiriyah University College of science Biology Dept
Chapter 17 Human Health and Environmental Risks
Brucellosis control programme in Turkey: Mass vaccination with strains S-19 and Rev-1 administered by conjunctival route Dr. Ahmet Murat SAYTEKİN Brucellosis.
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Zoonoses Disease Lecture-1 Introduction
Figure 1. A, Provisional areas at risk for the establishment of Haemaphysalis longicornis in North America (red ... Figure 1. A, Provisional areas at risk.
Presentation transcript:

Diseases in Nature Conference Focal Seroprevalence of Francisella tularensis in Feral Swine in North Central and Northwest Texas Diseases in Nature Conference Corpus Christi, Texas 16 June 2011 Steven M. Presley, Ph.D. Endocrine Disruption The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas

Feral Swine: The Problem? Introduced by DeSoto 1539 into Florida, spread(ing) west.*,** Feral swine reported in 38 states.*** Population is estimated at approximately 4-5 million in U.S., with 1.5-2 million reported in 215 of 254 Texas counties.** Feral swine cause an estimated annual loss of ~$800 million nationwide, with ~$58 million in Texas * Engeman et al. Environ. Conserv. 2001.; ** Higginbotham et al., Natl. Conf. Feral Hogs. 2008; *** Wyckoff et al. J. Wldlf. Dis. 2009.

Expanding Range - 1988 Expanding Range - 2004 Adapted from: Texas Cooperative Extension May 2004 Report Adapted from: SCWDS Feral/Wild Swine Populations 1988 Map

Projected Sow Population Increase How many SOWS could one sow produce if she, each of her offspring, and each of their offspring produced average litters of 3, 5 or 6 gilts per year? (2 litters/year of 8-10 pigs) 46,656 78,125 59,049

Feral Swine: The Threat Known reservoirs of pathogens including Salmonella spp. and E. coli. Serologic surveys detected enzootic feral swine infection with Brucella suis in 10 states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas). Study in 2006 found that in peanut butter contaminated with significant levels of Salmonella spp. prior to pasteurization, some viable Salmonella spp. could survive pasteurization

Ongoing Studies Biological and ecological factors related to feral swine population explosion, geographic spread and threat to human and domestic animal health Do feral swine harbor zoonoses in this region (Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis)? Are feral swine involved in maintenance and transmission dynamics of zoonoses? Is fenceline transmission to domestic livestock a possibility / threat? Interaction with other wildlife populations? Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Scaled “Blue” quail (Callipepla squamata)

Tularemia Highly infectious; very small infective dose (10-50 organisms); Category A biological threat agent; typically found in wild animals (enzootic cycle); Untreated CFR of 1-10%. Humans infected by bodily fluids/tissues, contaminated food or water, inhalation, or through the bite of infected arthropods (most commonly, ticks and deerflies). Presentation depends on the route of infection, including oropharyngeal (via ingestion), ulceroglandular and glandular (via direct contact or arthropod vectors), pleuropneumonic (via inhalation), and systemic forms. Typically about 200 human cases annually in the U.S.A., mainly in rural areas of south-central and western states.

Tularemia – infectious agent Today – Four biovars / subspecies Francisella tularensis tularensis (nearctica) (A) Rabbits – North America Francisella tularensis novicida (B) Unknown – North America, Australia Francisella tularensis holartica (palaearctica) (B) Hares, rodents – Nearctic, Palearctic, Holarctic regions Francisella tularensis mediasiatica (B) Hares, rodents – Central Asia

PATHOGEN FINDINGS 72 serum samples from Bell & Coryell Counties 29 serum samples from Crosby County

Methods Slide serum agglutination assay F. tularensis antigen (BD) [no longer available] BD & Co. protocol and results guide (+2 agglutination considered positive) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Rabbit anti-swine IgG Absorbance read at 405 nm Seropositives assayed by RT-PCR at BSL-3 facilities at Lubbock Hlth Dept / LRN.

Findings Francisella tularensis screening Crosby County 29 51.7% (15) Agglutination assay Real Time-PCR assay Sample collection site # Serum samples screened Sero-positive for F. tularensis # Sero-positive samples F. tularensis genetic positive Crosby County 29 51.7% (15) 13 21.5% (3) Bell & Coryell Counties 72 20.8% (15) 15 6.7% (1) Collaborators (USAMRIID) cultured the 3 RT-PCR-positive samples from Crosby County, and identified them as F. tularensis novicida.

Findings Of surveyed pigs found serologically positive for tularemia: Crosby Co. Bell & Coryell Co. Females 15% 64% Males 85% 36% Adults 77% 86% Juveniles 23% 14%

Relevance Francisella tularensis in Feral Swine Explosive population growth and geospatial range expansion increases occurrence of F.t. in ecosystem. Could confound or mask early detection of covert introduction of F.t. Increasing encroachment into suburban and urban areas as “walking vectors”, contaminating food crops, water sources and recreational areas.

Additional Findings Brucella spp. screening 3.7% (1) 4.3% (3) Agglutination assay Sample collection site # Serum samples screened Sero-positive for Brucella spp. Crosby County 27 3.7% (1) Bell & Coryell Counties 70 4.3% (3)

Summer / Fall 2011 Screen for Brucella spp., F. tularensis and Coxiella burnetti. Comparative between High Plains (Hockley Co.) and Rolling Plains (Scurry Co.) ecoregions. Screen environmental samples, including: Mud/water from wallows; Soil and vegetation from “nests”; Ticks, deer flies and mosquitoes.

Thank You. Questions? Anna Hoffarth Dr. Brad Dabbert (TTU) Acknowledgement: Anna Hoffarth Dr. Brad Dabbert (TTU) Trish Jenkins (CLHD) Thank You. Questions? steve.presley@tiehh.ttu.edu 806-885-0236

Distribution in U.S.A.

Brucella spp. Six recognized species: Relatively environmental stable B. abortus – cattle & other bovids (humans) B. canis – dogs (humans) B. melitensis – sheep & goats (humans) B. neotomae – wood rats B. ovis – sheep B. suis – swine (humans) Relatively environmental stable Humans typically exposed through inoculation, inhalation or ingestion.

Projected Total Population Increase How many total feral hogs would those SOWS produce based upon their established pigs/year: 6 (3 pigs/litter x 2 litters/yr); 10 (5 pigs/litter x 2 litters/yr); or 12 (6 pigs/litter x 2 litters/yr)? Average Litter Size Years Since 1st Sow Pigs Produced in Next Year 3 pigs 10 354,294 5 pigs 7 781,250 6 pigs 6 559,872