Aim: What are solubility factors?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: What are solubility factors? Do now: Define what a solution is and list some properties of solutions.

Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent.

The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the used solvent as well as on temperature and pressure.

The extent of solubility ranges widely, from infinitely soluble (fully miscible) such as ethanol in water, to poorly soluble, such as silver chloride in water. The term insoluble is often applied to poorly or very poorly soluble compounds.

Nature of reactants Solution type Non-polar Solvent Polar Solvent Ionic

Like dissolves Like.

Temperature As temperature increases solids become more soluble in water As temperature increases gasses become less soluble in water.

Pressure Pressure has little or no effect on the solubility of solid or liquid solutes. As pressure increases, the solubility of gasses in liquids increases.

◦Factors affecting the rate of solubility 1. Size of solute particles 2. Stirring 3. Amount of solute 4. Temperature

HOW DO WE READ SOLUBILITY GRAPHS

Learning Check 1) What mass of solute will dissolve in 100mL of water at the following temperatures? a. KNO3 at 70C = ____________ b. NaCl at 100C= ____________ c. NH4Cl at 90C= ____________ d. Which of the above three substances is most soluble in water at 15C. = ____________

Choose (saturated, unsaturated, super saturated) 1. a. What is the solubility of KCl at 5C? _______ b. What is the solubility of KCl at 25C? _______ c. What is the solubility of Ce2(SO4)3 at 10C? _______ d. What is the solubility of Ce2(SO4)3 at 50C? _______ 2. At 90C, you dissolved 10 g of KCl in 100. g of water. Is this solution saturated or unsaturated?

Saturated or Unsaturated? Solution Saturated or Unsaturated? If unsaturated: How much more solute can dissolve in the solution? a solution that contains 70g of NaNO3 at 30C (in 100 mL H2O) a solution that contains 50g of NH4Cl at 50C (in 100 mL H2O) a solution that contains 20g of KClO3 at 50C (in 100 mL H2O) a solution that contains 70g of KI at 0C (in 100 mL H2O)