Introduction of IV Fluid and Blood transfusion done by :Ruba Hiasat

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction of IV Fluid and Blood transfusion done by :Ruba Hiasat

Outline DISTRIBUTION of Body Fluid Compartments Normal values in extracellular space Normal maintenance need Osmolality , Osmolarity and Tonicity

WATER Building material Solvent ….(Q: types of solution and solutes ) Reaction medium and reactant Carrier for nutrient and waste products Thermoregulation Lubricant and shock absorber

Distribution of Body Water Total Body Water (TBW) equals to 60% of total body weight in adult males ..(WHY?) In females, the percentage is around 55%, while in infants is around 75% Obese individuals have less TBW per weight than non-obese individuals Using a 70 Kg male as an example, TBW is 42 Liters

Body Fluid Compartments TBW: 55-60% of the BW in men and 45-50% in young women

Fluid Compartments are divided by water-permeable membranes…..(Q) . Intracellular space is separated from the extracellular space by the cell membrane. The capillary membrane separates the components of the extracellular space. Transcelullar fluid : Transcellular fluid is the portion of TBW contained within epithelial lined spaces. It is the smallest component of extracellular fluid , e.g. :cerebrospinal fluid , and ocular fluid, joint fluid

WATER BALANCE???

INTPUT, OUTPUT Input: Oral, Enteral, Intravenous Output: ‘Sensible’: that it is easily seen and measured e.g. urine output and loses from the gastrointestinal tract. ‘Insensible’: not seen and not easy to quantify e.g. sweat, and water vapor in exhaled gases.

SWEATING ….1H=1L URINE = Na(90ml) ….K(60-100ML)

The main extracellular electrolyte is Na and the main intracellular electrolyte is K

Osmolarity and Osmolality Osmola(R)ity :- No. of osmoles of solute particles per unit VOLUME of solution and has units osmoles\liter . Osmola(L)ity:- No. of osmoles of solute particles per unit WEIGHT of solvent and has units osmoles \kilogram

Tonicity A way of describing the relative solute concentration of two solution which are separated by selectively-permeable membrane (often called a semi- permeable membrane)

In clinical practice the tonicity …. fluid administered IV relative to the tonicity of internal environment of RBCs