Part 3
Berlin 1960
The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) 1961 standoff Checkpoint Charlie
http://www.guardian.co.uk/berlin-wall-20-years-on
EAST GERMAN RESISTANCE
Borders: Physical Boundaries between Ideologies Borders served to divide people by ideological differences as well as political and economic differences.(Liberal Democracies vs Communism) Increased tension between the superpowers. Countries under the Soviet Sphere were under pressure to maintain strong political and economic ties with the Soviet Union Soviets were not receptive to any encroachment of capitalism or Democracy. http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/cold_war/clips/15236/
Stalin Truman
Breaking free of the Iron Curtain p.247 Country Ideological conflict Results Reasons for the Results Yugoslavia 1946-47 Hungary 1956 Czechoslovakia Define alignment and non-alignment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q19c4zF_xbY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVdQ9PK9Q5o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9AktlPpPL0
Figure 7-11 Compare these maps What evidence do you see of expansionism and alignment?
Pause and Reflect p.251 Speech Beliefs Values Conflicts with Superpowers because…….. Nehru Independence Responsibility Freedom Sees both ideologies as based on wrong principles Sukarno “Live and let live” “Unity and diversity” Stability Peace Open disunion harmony Opposed colonialism in any name or form Opposed racialism or dominance Wants open dialogue
Deterrence (clip on timeline) The Arms Race 1950’s to 1989 Deterrence (clip on timeline)
The Arms Race: Why? Territorial integrity and national sovereignty Ideological struggle Capitalism vs. communism Liberal democracy vs. authoritarian rule Military prowess: nukes as visible symbol of power
vocabulary Mutual Assured Destruction ( MAD ): the belief that nuclear attacks launched by both nations will result in both nations being destroyed. Mutual Deterrence: the belief that the destructive capability and the likelihood of mutual destruction will stop both superpowers from launching a nuclear attack.
Canada and the Cold war READ P.253 Identify 5 events or organizations that Canada joined or participated in the early part of the cold war. 1949 Canada joined NATO ( Collective security) an attack on one is an attack on all. Military troops through the United Nations in the Korean War 1950-53 Suez Crisis in 1956 UNEF NORAD (the North American Aerospace Defence Command) The building of the DEW Line
Dew Line
The Nuclear Club
France’s Dissuasion Policy Why do you think France thought it was necessary to develop nuclear weapons as part of its foreign policy? P.253-54 France would use its own weapons for deterrence Resisted the leadership of the USA ( one liberal democracy rejecting the other) Wanted to follow it own independent path.
Kennedy and Cuba • JFK becomes President (1961) • “…we shall pay any price, bear any burden…to assure the survival and success of liberty.” (Inaugural Address) • Cuban Revolution (1959) • Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 1961) • Berlin Wall (August 1961) • Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962)
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis: Results and Concepts BRINKMANSHIP: to get to the verge of war without going to war Two years later Khrushchev is removed from office Benefits: a “hot line” or direct link was established between the White House and the Kremlin Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: no testing in the atmosphere Détente: the easing of relations between superpowers
"As a result of the Cuban missile crisis the long, talked-about "hot line" between Washington and Moscow was to become a reality. On 20th June, 1963, at Geneva, Switzerland , the United States and the Soviet Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding that set up a duplex cable circuit routed from Washington-London-Copenhagen-Stockholm-Helsinki to Moscow for primary political conversations.