Human Tissue Inc Part I Linda Kock Berdien Verboon Chia-Hui Yeh Marco Janssen Joost Velterop

Skin - Structure Epidermis –Keratin Dermis –Fibroblasts –Collagen –Elastin Hypodermis –Fat

Skin – Temperature regulation Sweat glands Hairs Vascular constriction/dilation Shivering

Methods of skin replacement Autograft Allograft (Allogenic and Xenogenic) Synthetic replacement In vivo regeneration In vitro regeneration (ex vivo)

TE - Techniques Natural Matrix Synthetic Matrix Bilayer skin substitute Bioreactor?

TE - Properties Lack of dermal or epidermal layers (single layer grafts) Lack of hypodermis. Availability/ Growing time Absence of certain cells (e.g. melanocytes) Absence of sweat glands and hair follicles Lacking optimal fiber arrangement Lacking sensory functions

TE - Applications Skin grafts/ tissue grafts Victimless meat/ leather Bone constructions Self-adapting clothing/ furniture Flexible structures

Survey - Overall Results (1)

Survey - Overall Results (2) General Concerns –Sources of Tissues –Safety Issues –Necessity Freedom of Choice Regulations and Responsibility

Survey – Recommendations Clarify questions, for example with images Adapt goals to needs Better specified grades Ask for short motivations Subdivided open questions

Summary Technique is largely incomplete Size of TE products is insufficient People do not like controversial use of human TE tissue