Case 2—Urgent CSF divergence surgery restored visual function.

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VISION Retina: light-sensitive inner surface of the eye that contains the rods, cones and neurons that process visual stimuli Photoreceptors: neurons.

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Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi: /nrneurol

Figure 3 Characterization of anatomical damage

(A) Elementary visual hallucinations as perceived and drawn by eight of the nine patients with IOEVH. First and second row from left to right: the illustrations.

Plain CT scan of head (a) and prethrombectomy (b) and post-thrombectomy (c, e, f) digital subtraction angiograms in a 58-year-old man with a short history.

OCT left eye (case 3). OCT showed bilateral foveal atrophy (white arrows), with an island of preserved retina in the left fovea (yellow arrow; only left.

Vision dominates the human senses. We always believe what we see first

Plain CT scan of head (a) and prethrombectomy (b, c), during thrombectomy (d, e, f) and post-thrombectomy (g, h) digital subtraction angiogram images in.

Plain CT scan of head (a) and prethrombectomy (b) and post-thrombectomy (c, e, f) digital subtraction angiograms in a 58-year-old man with a short history.

OCT left eye shown (case 7).

(A) Confocal image of a skin biopsy taken from the finger of a healthy subject illustrating different subtypes of sensory fibre: PGP 9.5 is used as an.

The MR scan of brain of our case vignette patient showing significant occipital lobe atrophy (especially left sided) with parietal lobe involvement as.

(A) Confocal image of a skin biopsy taken from the finger of a healthy subject illustrating different subtypes of sensory fibre: PGP 9.5 is used as an.

Incidentalomas. Incidentalomas. T1W sagittal (A) and T2W coronal (B) MRIs show a small slightly T2 hypointense lesion (B, arrow) in the left anterior pituitary.

(case 6) (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas of RPE atrophy (green areas). (case 6) (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas.

‘Poppers’ retinopathy.

Case one: (A and B) Right and left colour fundus photographs of the optic nerve head showing small crowded discs with anomalous branching of the blood.

Photograph of the legs of a patient with inherited erythromelalgia, showing erythema to the level of the mid-calf. Photograph of the legs of a patient.

Plain CT scan of head (a) and prethrombectomy (b) and post-thrombectomy (c) digital subtraction angiograms in a 49-year-old woman with sudden onset left.

Cloverleaf pattern on Humphrey visual fields.

(A) Moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma in subarachnoid space (H&E). (A) Moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma in subarachnoid space.

Schematic representation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 in developed countries. Schematic representation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 in.

Single colour fundus photographs of patients with disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (papilloedema). Single colour fundus photographs.

Confocal images of skin biopsies taken from the legs of a control subject (A) and a patient with small fibre neuropathy secondary to HIV (B) showing PGP.

Susceptibility-weighted MRI of ex vivo hippocampal tissue.

Single colour fundus photographs of pseudopapilloedema in patients initially thought to have IIH. (A) Elevated, lumpy disc with anomalous vascular pattern.

Goldmann visual fields of a patient with ‘stacked isopters’.

Photograph of the legs of a patient with inherited erythromelalgia, showing erythema to the level of the mid-calf. Photograph of the legs of a patient.

Figure 3 Longitudinal performance of 2 MS–cohabitant participant pairs on Ishihara color testing Both response speed and response accuracy are provided.

Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and fluorescein angiography (FA) of the right eye (case 8). Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and fluorescein angiography.

(A) The Goldmann visual field of the patient described in the case vignette clearly shows paracentral visual loss in the right hemifield of both eyes.

Confocal images of skin biopsies taken from the legs of a control subject (A) and a patient with small fibre neuropathy secondary to HIV (B) showing PGP.

Page 1 of a fact sheet available at www. neurosymptoms. org

Plain CT scan of head (a) and prethrombectomy (b) and post-thrombectomy (c) CT angiograms in a 49-year-old woman with sudden onset left hemiparesis and.

Schematic representation of the visual pathway and the location of lesion leading to the temporal crescent syndrome. Schematic representation of the visual.

Goldmann machine. Goldmann machine. The patient's eye is positioned at the centre of a white hemispheric bowl, with the examiner looking through an eyepiece.

Eye movement record showing horizontal and vertical traces of the right (R) and left (L) eyes with the Ober-2 system. Eye movement record showing horizontal.

Interpreting the Goldmann visual field

Humphrey perimetry (SITA-Standard 24–2): (A) 1 month postquinine overdose, showing marked constriction of the visual field; (B) 6 months postquinine overdose,

Photographs of the optic nerve of a 20-year-old woman, showing severe bilateral optic disc edema at presentation. Photographs of the optic nerve of a 20-year-old.

An artistic rendering of how patients with simultanagnosia perceive a visual scene. An artistic rendering of how patients with simultanagnosia perceive.

Interpreting the Humphrey visual field.

Autofluorescence left eye (case 3)

Diagram of a transverse section of the cervical spinal cord, showing the somatotopic organisation of the spinothalamic tracts (schematically enlarged),

After 4 s of raw magnetoencephalography data (two channels contain obvious artefacts), the door to the magnetically shielded room is opened during recording.

Frequency plots of copy number aberrations (CNAs) are shown for (A) baseline endobronchial lesions of cases (n=12) and (B) baseline endobronchial lesions.

Plain CT scan of head (a) and prethrombectomy (b) and post-thrombectomy (c) digital subtraction angiograms in a 49-year-old woman with sudden onset left.

Headache frequency after medication withdrawal in medication-overuse headache. Headache frequency after medication withdrawal in medication-overuse headache.

Tunnel vision: functional (ie, tubular field) versus physiological.

(A) Frontalis test: unilateral injection of the frontalis muscle with botulinum toxin (BoNT). (A) Frontalis test: unilateral injection of the frontalis.

Sagittal T2-weighted MR scan of spine of case 1 (A) and case 2 (C), showing intramedullary signal hyperintensity at T11/12 in case 2 (C). Sagittal T2-weighted.

Functional tremor. (A) The tremor affects both hands but there is variation in amplitude and frequency between the right and left spirals. Functional tremor. (A)

Real-time quaking-induced conversion reactions seeded with cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) (red) and.

Receiver operating characteristics curves showing discrimination between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (at time of diagnosis) and non-demented.

Neuroscience: Tiny Eye Movements Link Vision and Attention

(A) MR scan of brain from an 82-year-old woman who presented with recurrent episodes of sudden onset needles affecting the face, gum and hand, with facial.

General Medical Council’s (GMC) National Training Survey results for average clinic attendance per week at 33 sites across the UK in General Medical.

Heavily T2-weighted MRI obtained with high resolution, showing multiple enlarged VRS, visible as well-demarcated CSF like structures, which, dependent.

Kaplan-Meier survival plot for primary endpoint of arthritis development. Kaplan-Meier survival plot for primary endpoint of arthritis development. Arthritis-free.

Examples of the visual rating scale for the medial and lateral temporal lobe on MR coronal images displayed conventionally with the letter on the right.

(A) High intensity lesions in the left dorsolateral midbrain on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging in case 1. (A) High intensity lesions in the left.

Dystonic tremor with writer’s cramp.

Consensus in diagnosing IIH

All MRIs of the first 10 patients before (left), and at intervals after, with the diameter of greatest change shown in red. All MRIs of the first 10 patients.

Typical mean functional strength (where maximum function scores 5, and minimum scores zero; arithmetic mean of several activities plotted) against serum.

Kaplan-Meier table analysis of patients with corticobasal degeneration after onset of symptoms; the y axis refers to proportion of patients who are alive.

(A) Patient with acute PFP on the 4th day showed an abnormal dyphagia limit of 5 ml from paretic left sided swallowing (arrows denote second swallows).

MR scan of brain fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (A) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) (B, C) showing asymmetrical hyperintensities affecting.

(A) Clinical selection of scapular muscles depending on the side of the elevation of the shoulder in a patient with dystonic head rotation. (A) Clinical.

Box plot showing the distribution of the TYM-MCI score for patients with SMC and aMCI/AD. aMCI/AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease;

Presentation transcript:

Case 2—Urgent CSF divergence surgery restored visual function. Case 2—Urgent CSF divergence surgery restored visual function. (A, B) Goldmann visual fields before and (C, D) after lumbar peritoneal shunt (left and right). (A) The left eye has an extensive visual field deficit and visual acuity of 1/60, the field is plotted (in green) only to the largest, brightest target called V4e (arrow). The patient was not able to perceive the smaller/ dimmer targets plotted in red, blue and black in figures 9B-D. (B) The right eye has an enlarged blind spot and reduced sensitivity of the visual field and visual acuity 6/18. (C and D) Left and right eye following the shunt show improved visual field and vision to 6/9 in both eyes. Susan P Mollan et al. Pract Neurol 2014;14:380-390 ©2014 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd