Migration – In and Out USH-4.5

I. Urbanization Growth of cities Reasons: Center of trade Transportation hubs Centers of industry Farm technology raises supply of food Rural people looking for work Immigrants moving in

I. Urbanization Cities offer: Elevators Steel buildings Suspension bridges Trolleys Elevated railroads Subways Culture and excitement

II. Immigration Pre-Civil War it was Germans and Irish Disliked by “real” Americans Post-Civil War it was Eastern and Southern Europe Italians, Poles, Jews, Russians, Serbs

II. Immigration Most move to cities for work Most live in ethnic neighborhoods Feels like home Cities get big and mean and leads to Progressive Movement

III. Political Machines Political machines help immigrants Political organization in which a boss commands the support of a corps of supporters Receive rewards for their efforts Power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote Include immigrants in the democratic process

IV. The Great Migration Freedmen stayed in the South after the Civil War In the 1890s, AA move North & West b/c: Poor cotton yields Boll weevil Jim Crow Laws Farm prices falling New mills only hire whites

IV. The Great Migration AA found discrimination there too Used as strikebreakers Live in the worst parts of town Segregated neighborhoods WWI actually helped AA b/c it opened more jobs