Lesson 2

Lets revise from our last lesson before we start... A life style disease is an illness that exists because of human factors that include the way we live. These diseases could be prevented with proper nutrition or lifestyle changes. Ask learners to list the different kinds of human factors covered in the last lesson. Namely accidents, crises, disasters, psychological, social, religious, cultural, different knowledge perspectives.

Watch the following clip... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5rita8a9_E The clip is 4:04 sec long.

What habits did this character have that influenced his health? Which organs were affected by these habits? What positive habits could have been implimented to improve his health? Spend about 5 min discussing these points. What habits did this character have that influenced his health? Smoking and eating unhealthy foods. Which organs were affected by these habits? Lungs from smoking Heart from eating What positive habits could have been implimented to improve his health? Eat more balanced meals and exercise- stop smoking! 10min up to here

Top Natural killers in South Africa in 2016 At NO 1 we have TB- Tuberculosis Killing 1 out of every 8 South Africans. At NO 2 we have Diabetes Killing 1 out of every 11 South Africans. At NO 3 we have Heart Related Diseases killing 1 out of every 13 South Africans.

Lets take a closer look at some of the most responsible life style diseases for natural deaths in South Africa. While we are working through these illnesses, complete the missing sections on your worksheets under Activity 3. Activity 3 can be done on printed documents or directly onto the computer.This section will take most of the lesson. Allow learners time to complete their worksheets while you work through the different illnesses.

Tuberculosis TB How TB is spread? The TB virus is spread through airborne Infectious droplets. Spread through coughing, sneezing or spit. People living with HIV are at a higher risk. Symptoms also include: A cough for two weeks Blood in the sputum Fever, with a high temperature and night sweats. Loss of appetite and chest pain. Tiredness and shortness of breath Read through the slides highlighting the different sections.

Tuberculosis TB Prevention: How TB is diagnosed? Seek medical advice from a hospital or clinic if you recognise any of these symptoms. Testing is free! This includes exrays to check for spots on your lungs. Children under 5 that have come in contact must be checked. Treatment for TB: Medication must be started as soon as possible and it must be taken regularly according to the instructions. It takes 6 months for TB to be cured completely, but within 2 weeks of starting treatment, the person will no longer spread the disease. If treatment / medicine is missed, the risk of a drug resistant strain of TB is possible. Prevention: Eat balanced meals to build up immune system, cover your mouth when coughing and exercise. Avoid alcohol and smoking as it weakens your immune system.

HIV and other STIs How STIs are spread? STI’s are spread through sexual contact. STIs (Sexually Transmitted infections) include: HIV which causes Aids, HPV (Human papilloma virus) Which causes cervical/ penile or anal cancer. STI’s in pregnant woman can cause miscarriages and Premature deaths. Symptoms also include: Flu like syptoms Fever and weight loss Skin rash, severe cases include bleading and open sores. Tiredness and headaches Loss of appetite, sores in mouth Discomfort, itching, foul smell around sexual organs. STD- Sexually Transmitted Infections

Heart & Circulatory Diseases https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_PYnWVoUzM Watch the clip 4:53 sec and discuss the questions on the following slide or on their worksheet.

Heart & Circulatory Diseases What causes heart & circulatory disease? Who is at risk of a heart attack? Name 4 syptoms of a heart attack. What happens in a heart attack? What can be done to prevent a heart attack? Give learners time to answer these questions as a group. Go over the answers with them. Use the additinal information below: What causes heart & circulatory disease? These blockages are there because of poor life style habits. Who is at risk of a heart attack? A smoker's risk of heart attack is 2-3 times than that of a non-smoker. Quitting, at any age, is beneficial. Chronic exposure to second-hand smoke may also increase the risk of heart disease. High blood pressure increases the heart's workload, causing the heart to enlarge and weaken over time. The risk of heart disease rises as levels of "bad" cholesterol (LDL) increase. Name 4 syptoms of a heart attack. Chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, pain in arm or back What happens in a heart attack? Blockages in arteries that carry oxygenated blood from the heart. When an artery is blocked muscles die and the heart goes into shock and stops working. What can be done to prevent a heart attack? Change bad lifestyle habits! Eat healthy meals, exercise regulary, avoid sugar and unhealthy fats, smoking and drinking.

Hypertension also known as High Blood Pressure Why High Blood Pressure occurs? Heredity, obesity, lack of exercise, diet -- including salt intake – cigarette smoking, sex, race, age, and even personality. Symptoms also include: Usually occurs without any symptoms. Its called “The silent killer.” Headaches, Dizziness, Blurred vision Shortness of breath Heart attacks, Strokes, Kidney failure Damage to your heart, eyes, brain, arteries and kidneys.

Hypertension also known as High Blood Pressure Treatment for Hypertension: May include: diuretics (help decrease the amount of fluids in the body by increasing urine output), beta-blockers (help prevent vaso-constriction due to central nervous system responses) and others. Prevention: Reduce salt in-take. You may also need to take high blood pressure medications to control your blood pressure. Lifestyle changes include losing weight, increasing exercise or physical activity level, avoiding environmental pollutants such as second hand smoke, avoiding overuse of narcotics and/ or alcohol, and watching the amount of sodium, fat and cholesterol in your diet. 40min so far on these diseases.

Cancer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQIbIpjWEmc Watch this clip before looking at cancer. 2:07sec

Cancer

45min till here

Poverty increases the risk of lifestyle disease because: The poor often do not have enough money to get to clinincs for help or buy healthy food to build immune systems. They cannot afford time off work to get health care and rest. They cannot afford enough food often resulting in nutritional deficient which weakens the imune system. A person is at risk of diseases like TB. Cooking with oil and reusing it often. This can lead to cancer. Women sometimes engage in sex to survive, young girls take on ”Suger Daddys”. In exchange for money and financial security they provide sex. This increases the chance of STI’s and HIV. Spend the last 10 min of the lesson working through poverty and gender imbalances. Encourage learners to make notes.

Gender imbalances increase the risk of lifestyle disease Poverty and gender roles are often closely related. Gender roles include the percieved responsibilities that men and women assign to one another in society. When discrimination towards men or women exists resulting in unequal power relationships there is the risk of life style diseases. Consider the following possibilities: Women are more likely to be raped and contract HIV or experience gender violence. Many young girls or boys are sold for sexual pleasures to bring income into the family. If there is time, get learenrs to go through the newspaper clippings from the previous week. Get them to add a heading of Poverty or Gender imbalance if it was a further influence to the crises/ disasters/ accidents/ illness.