By: Eric DeKeyzer, Kacie Kabela, Steven Phelps, and Stephanie Phelps Sleep Disorders By: Eric DeKeyzer, Kacie Kabela, Steven Phelps, and Stephanie Phelps

Jet Lag Cause by the mismatch between the body’s internal circadian rhythm and the phase of the local nychthemeral time. 1/3 of people do not seem to be affected. It can range in severity from mild to strong. Symptoms last for a few days and include sleep disturbance, daytime tiredness, reduced concentration, slower reaction time, irritability, and general disorientation.

Jet Lag It can contribute to “travel paranoia” When traveling eastward there is difficulty falling asleep, and when traveling westward there is early awakenings. Jet lag is greater when traveling east than west.

Jet Lag Take 1 recovery day for each time zone crossed west and 1 and ½ days when east. The occurs because the circadian rhythm insists on delaying rather than advancing. Keep to the times of the area, such as eating, sleeping, and generally being active. Melatonin can also help.

Daylight Savings Time Spring ahead (spring) vs. fall back (fall) Lose one hour of sleep Sleep deprivation Change in sleep patterns Affects Circadian Rhythm

Snoring Results of the narrowing of the air passages during sleep, allowing the soft palate to vibrate Results in low oxygen levels and high blood pressure Worsened by obesity, alcohol, smoking Not all people who snore have sleep apnea, even though those who have sleep apnea snore

Shift Work Working anytime other than day or night Rotating between working during the day and at other time

Shift Work Difficulties People over 50 Morning types Long sleepers Those with chronic illness or sleep disorder Average shift workers get 5-7 hours less of sleep a week

Sources of Problems Poor quality and quantity of sleep Disrupted circadian rhythms Trying to sleep when circadian rhythm tells them to be awake Just get circadian rhythms synchronized with current shift and then switch to another Those who work permanently work the non day shift often assume a day sleep awake pattern Domestic/Social problems Pressure to do other things during the day than sleep

Poor quality and quantity Sleep is fragmented by arousal Results Social isolation 57% higher divorce rates More negative moods More emotional problems Higher incidence of sleeping disorders stomach and intestinal problems, and cardiovascular illness

Treatment Teach shift workers about good sleep hygiene Maintain bright workplace, very dark sleeping place Use sleeping pills if neccessary

Nightmares Night+mare, where mara means to crush Frightening dream awakening the sleeper Full alertness upon awakening Moderate increase in heart rate and breathing rate Usually occur 10 minutes into a REMS episode during last half of sleep period

Bad Dreams (Anxiety Dreams) The person does not awaken during dreams, but recalls the disturbing content upon awakening later Important factor is whether the nightmare or bad dream has a negative effect on waking life, not whether the person is awakened during the experience

Bad Dreams cont. Frequent between 3 and 8 years of age Mostly reported during times of crisis, loss, and trauma.

Night Terrors Child partially arouses suddenly from SWS and emits a piercing scream, which they’re sitting up. Eyes may be wide Racing heart Breathing rapidly Little or no recall the next morning

PTSD Nightmares Repetitive re-experiencing of traumatic event Occur during any sleep stage and more likely in early night. Cause of sleep disruption including more awakenings, fear of sleep, and various changes in REM. Person is confused and anxious but not always remember the entire nightmare.

Sleep Talking Lasts for a few seconds Occur during stage 2 and only 10-20% during REMS It tends to occur more frequently among related family members, but is considered benign and therefore not treated.

Sleep Walking Begins during SWS, not REMS, typically occurs in the first half of the night. Results in little if any dream recall and can induce in the predisposed by forced arousal Best thing is for the child to grow out of it. Reduce things that trigger events, such as stress and sleep deprivation

Sleep Walking cont. If extreme: Psychological treatment Relaxation therapy Stress management skills Hypnosis Medications

Bedwetting Parents control by trying several training methods involving gentle alarms Can be indicated as psychological and neurological problems