Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations Language and Society
Vernacular languages An uncodified or unstandardized variety Not the official language of a country The most colloquial variety in one’s linguistic repertoire
Standard languages A prestigious variety Codified and stabilized Used for H function
Lingua franca A regular means of communication between different linguistic groups in a multilingual speech community. Between groups of different L1 speakers Initially as trade languages
Regional lingua franca Global lingua franca?
World Englishes INNER OUTER EXPANDING England, Canada, Australia 115 million OUTER Malaysia, Singapore, India 375 million EXPANDING Japan, Korea, Russia 750 million
QUESTIONS?