Combinations of atoms Bonds

Bonding Combination of atoms by their outer electrons All atoms want to keep the outermost energy level full There are 2 main types of bonding between atoms: Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds

Covalent Bonds Very strong bonds Electrons from one atom are shared with electrons from another atom An example is H2O The Hydrogen has 1 electron each The Oxygen has 6 electrons on its outer level The electrons from the Hydrogen's are shared with the 6 from the oxygen

Covalent Bonds

Ionic Bonds Weaker than Covalent bonds Electrons are transferred from one atom to another The loss or gain of electrons creates an ION Example is NaCl (table Salt) Na has 1 electron on it’s outer level Cl has 7 electrons on it’s outer level The Na gives up it’s electron to the Cl

Ionic Bonds

Combinations of atoms Compound Molecule Mixture Solution A substance that is made of different types of atoms with an ionic bond (ex. NaCl) Molecule A group of atoms with covalent bonds and no charge (ex H2O) Mixture A combination of substances mixed together that do not change chemically (bag of pencils/Pens) Solution A mixture of substances that are evenly spread out within each other ( ex Kool Aid)

Solutions In solutions there is a liquid and a solid The liquid is called the solvent The solid(s) are called the solute Ex. Kool-Aid Water is the Solvent Sugar is a solute Kool-Aid mix is a solute

Polymer Structure Polymers are groups of smaller subunits bonded together These subunits are made of small carbon chains At the end of each small chain is an H- or an OH- which keeps the smaller chains together

Polymer Structure

Polymer Construction & Destruction Polymer formation Condensation Removal of a water to bond 2 subunits Polymer break down Hydrolysis Addition of a water to break the bonds between subunits

Condensation

Hydrolysis

Assignment Text pg 34