Levy system How will this river look in the future?

Numbers are represented by the exponent of 10 that they represent. Logarithms Numbers are represented by the exponent of 10 that they represent. 1 = 10-1 So, log(1) = -1 100 = 102 So, log(100) = 2 To reverse a log, 10x 10x(2) = 100

In Google Sheets: Determine the size of a 100-year flood Copy the data from the lab document into Google Sheets. Sort the data to determine the Rank Order of Years Write a formula to calculate Return Interval Copy and paste 2 columns of data: Return Interval & Discharge In two additional columns take the log of those original columns “ =log() ” Select those logged columns and insert a scatter plot of those data Insert a trendline (linear)(Advanced Settings) Determine what the discharge level would be for a 100 year flood by showing the equation (under label) and solving the equation for x=100 (log 2). Take the solution and raise it 10x (This reverses the log that we applied before) Using Map: Identify when the meander will be cut off. Trace the path of the 1958 river onto the 1995 map. Identify areas that have been deposited and areas that have eroded Calculate the expected rate of loss across the isthmus. How much land do you expect to be remaining in 2008? Check.

Park Planning: An art and a science The National Park Service preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations.

Tips / Background Info Big parks are better than small parks. Fragmentation can cause reductions in species richness and/or biodiversity Species – Area Curves support this idea. Complexity is good Habitat diversity can create healthier, more functional and more resilient ecosystems. Older ecosystems generally have more complexity. It accumulates. What’s outside the park matters too. “Ecosystems have no boundaries.”

Your Mission…. You don’t have a choice… Just accept it. The government has appropriated enough money for you to set aside 50 squares of land. It is your job to figure out what land should be conserved based on public priorities and scientific principles.

Public / Governmental Priorities (In no particular order) Public Priority #1: The Sage Grouse. This symbol of the American West needs large areas of open grassland in order to breed. Public Priority #2: The Grey Wolf. Though controversial in WA, their contribution to ecosystem health is well documented. They are able to take advantage of a wide range of habitats, but should be kept away from human population where possible. They also migrate throughout the year to follow their prey. Public Priority #3: The Spotted Owl. This bird has played a starring role in previous fights about land conservation in logging because it needs pristine core forests for nesting.

Current Species Ranges Gray Wolf Flexible Habitat Migrates into the mountains to follow prey in the summer Sage Grouse Needs open grassland habitat Spotted Owl Needs core forest habitat

Map #1: Sage Grouse Only Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation for Sage Grouse

Map #2: Gray Wolf Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation for Gray Wolves

Map #3: Spotted Owl Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation for Spotted Owls

Other things to consider : Do your animals migrate? Are you providing migration corridors? If you are conserving “core” habitat, the surrounding area could be developed, changing what is considered “core” habitat. How will climate change influence the distribution of these species? What are ways you could limit the risk of extinction based on climate change? Are you incorporating habitat variation and complexity into your park proposal? Why might this be important?

Map #4: Where are your priorities?! Develop a proposal that take into account the conservation of all 3 species. List 2 pros and 2 cons of your plan.

Maps #5 and #6: All Species Design a park or set of parks to optimize conservation of all species, including those that are conservation priorities. List 2 pros and 2 cons of each.

Pygmy Rabbit

Grey Wolf

Pygmy Rabbit

N Forest Core Forest Desert Wetland Sage/ Grassland Water Mountains City N