It’s what the world is made of. Matter: It’s what the world is made of. Here are some notes

What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

What do you know about matter? Gases Plasma Solids Liquids

STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement Based upon energy of particles Based upon distance between particles

Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

Solids Solids have definite shape and definite volume. Solids have mass. Solids take up space.

Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly together Have very little energy = loses heat Vibrate in place Have a definite shape and definite volume

Liquids Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume. Liquids have mass. Liquids take up space.

Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed Have medium energy levels Particles flow around each other Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

Gases Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume. Gases have mass. Gases take up space.

Particles in Gases: Move freely Have LOTS of energy Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Plasma Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.

Particles in Plasma: Are electrically charged Have EXTREMELY high energy levels A plasma is an ionized gas. A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Lightning

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

What would it take for matter to move from one state to another? STATES of matter? What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

Energy determines the state!

STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

Add or Subtract Energy. . . When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

Description of Phase Change PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Endothermic Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes. Exothermic

Description of Phase Change PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

Solid + Energy = ? When energy is added to solids, they become liquids! Examples?

Liquid + Energy = ? When energy is added to liquids, they become gases! What examples can you think of?

Changing States State change Phase change Physical change There are several names for matter changing states: State change Phase change Physical change

Review Questions What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape? Describe the properties of liquids. Describe the differences between gases and plasma. What is needed for states of matter to change phase?