Animal Nutrition Ch 41 notes

Need to Feed Nutrition – Food being taken in, taken apart, taken up Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Must balance consumption, storage, and use of food

Essential Nutrients Animals must get basic building blocks through food – Macromolecules Essential nutrients – animal cells require but can’t make on their own – get from diet -Include amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals

Food Processing Ingestion – act of eating Digestion – break down into small molecules to absorb (lots of enzymes used) Absorption – cells take up small molecules Elimination – undigested food goes out

Intracellular Digestion Simplest compartment Cell engulfs food by phagocytosis Food vacuole hydrolyzes food using a lysosome Seen in sponges

Extraceullar Digestion Most animals Compartment continuous with outside world Lets them eat bigger food

Gastrovascular Cavity Single opening Used for digestion and distribution of food Digestive enzymes break up food, cells take it in and rest occurs intracellularly Cnidarians, Hydra

Complete Digestive Tract Alimentary Canal Food moves in single direction Lots of special compartments

Mammalian Digestive System Peristalsis – contraction and relaxation of muscles to move food through Sphincters – valves that open and close between compartments