JACKSONIAN America United States History

Goal and Purpose: 2.04 Discuss political events, issues, and personalities that led to sectionalism and nationalism. General Andrew Jackson

Western Expansion As Americans move west and new states are created, the balance of power in Congress of free and slave states is at risk. Hey, O! Let’s Go!

Missouri Compromise Maine admitted as a free state Missouri admitted as a slave state Above 36*30’ would be free and below would be slave (Arkansas Territory)

Election of 1824 Four candidates ran for president in 1824 All were Democratic-Republicans Andrew Jackson won the most popular votes No candidate won the electoral college votes

A Battle of “favorite sons” All of the candidates were popular in their own states and anyone could have won the election. Andrew Jackson = Tennessee Henry Clay = Kentucky John Quincy Adams = Massachusetts William Crawford = Georgia The election would have to be decided by the House of Representatives

The Corrupt Bargain Speaker of the House of Representatives, Henry Clay decided to give the election to John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson was outraged and called the deal a “corrupt bargain”

President John Quincy Adams What happened to Daddy’s Federalist Party? 6th President Son of President # 2 John Adams Democratic-Republican 1 term 1825-1829 Build the National Road Defeated in 1828 by Andrew Jackson

Election of 1828 John Quincy Adams against Andrew Jackson Bitter mudslinging campaign Jackson represents the common man Jackson wins the election

mudslinging Candidates criticize each other’s characters and morals Adams was seen as an aristocrat Jackson was seen as representing the common man

Andrew Jackson Old Hickory President # 7 First Democrat President Spoils System Tariff of Abominations caused SC to threaten to secede from the United States Indian Removal Act and Cherokee Trail of Tears Killed the Bank of the United States

Democrat Party Andrew Jackson is the father of the Democrat Party Favored a limited federal government Jackson was called a “Jackass” by his opponents and that became the mascot for the Democrat Party

Jacksonian Democracy Spoils system of rewarding political allies Limited federal government, but increase of the President’s power Next five presidents try to copy Jackson

Spoils system Andrew Jackson rewarded his political supporters with government jobs and political positions in government His poker playing buddies were called his “kitchen cabinet” and had more influence than the official cabinet

Indian Removal Act 1830 Congress passed a law requiring American Indians to be removed from their homelands and relocated to Oklahoma Territory

Seminole Fight Back Seminole Indians of Florida use hit and run tactics against American soldiers. 3,000 Seminole were forced to move to Indian Territory. Seminole descendants live in Florida today.

Worcester v. Georgia 1832 Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were an independent nation and did not have to be removed from Georgia. Andrew Jackson sent the military to remove the Cherokee to Oklahoma anyway. Sequoyah = Cherokee leader Cherokee Phoenix Newspaper

Trail of Tears 1838 Jackson’s successor President Martin Van Buren sent the army to enforce the Indian Removal Act on the Cherokee people Over 4,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears 1838 Jackson’s successor President Martin Van Buren sent the army to enforce the Indian Removal Act on the Cherokee people Over 4,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears

Second Bank of the United States Andrew Jackson believed the national bank was a monopoly. AJ vetoed Congress’ bill to give the Bank another 20 year charter AJ removed the money from the Bank and deposited it into state banks The 2nd Bank of the U.S. closed. This eventually hurt the economy.

Conflict over States’ Rights Argument over the 10th Amendment that protects states’ rights. Jackson was for more states’ rights.

South Carolina is going to nullify this Tariff of Abominations! Nullification Crisis I don’t care if you are my Vice President, I’ll send in the troops, takeover SC, and hang you myself d# *@#! South Carolina is going to nullify this Tariff of Abominations! South Carolina threatened to secede from the United States in protest of new tariffs placed on imports from England Vice President John C. Calhoun believed that his state had the right to nullify the Tariff of Abominations

secede to withdraw from the United States South Carolina threatened to leave the United States because of tariffs (They did not secede, but later SC will be the first state to secede before the Civil War.) Adios

John C. Calhoun Vice President to Andrew Jackson From South Carolina Wanted Jackson and Congress to cut the tariffs Congress passed the Force Bill giving the President authority to use military force if SC did not obey the federal laws

Henry Clay saves the Day! The great compromiser Worked out a deal with Congress to reduce the tariffs each year.