Figure 3 Matrix signals regulate valve cell phenotypes Permission for panel b obtained from Gould, S. T. et al. Small peptide functionalized thiol-ene hydrogels as culture substrates for understanding valvular interstitial cell activation and de novo tissue deposition. Acta Biomaterialia, 8, 3201–3209 (2012). Permission for panel c obtained from Kloxin, A.M. et al. In situ elasticity modulation with dynamic substrates to direct cell phenotype. Biomaterials 31, 1–8 (2010) Wang, H. et al. (2014) Cardiac valve cells and their microenvironment—insights from in vitro studies Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.162