Long-term evaluation of the replacement of the trachea with an autologous aortic graft Emmanuel Martinod, MD, Agathe Seguin, MD, Karel Pfeuty, MD, Paul.

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Long-term evaluation of the replacement of the trachea with an autologous aortic graft Emmanuel Martinod, MD, Agathe Seguin, MD, Karel Pfeuty, MD, Paul Fornes, MD, Marianne Kambouchner, MD, Jacques F Azorin, MD, Alain F Carpentier, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 75, Issue 5, Pages 1572-1578 (May 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6 Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Macroscopic view of a 24-month specimen showing the proximal and distal anastomoses (forceps) with new cartilage rings and the posterior membrane (bottom of the specimen). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Histologic examination of the same specimen showing a continuous mucociliary epithelium (star) with an underlying dense connective tissue (asterisk) and cartilage neoformation (arrow). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Histologic examination of the same specimen showing ciliated cells with apically numerous cilia (arrow) and goblet (mucus-secreting) cells (asterisk). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Histologic examinations of the same specimen showing the cartilage tissue structure: extracellular matrix (asterisk) and chondrocytes (arrow). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Macroscopic views comparing a normal trachea (A) with a grafted trachea (B) removed en bloc 3 years after grafting (grafted area outlined by the rectangle). The total number of cartilage rings is similar in the two specimens (50 versus 48, respectively). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Extraluminal aspect of the grafted trachea showing the absence of retraction of the grafted area (rectangle) and the preserved intercartilaginous distances in the adjacent areas (arrow). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Roentgenograms of the same two specimens as in Figure 5 showing the absence of stenosis of the grafted area and the continuity of the tracheal walls. Spots of calcification are visible. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 8 Intraluminal aspect of the grafted trachea showing the absence of retraction of the grafted area (rectangle) and the preserved intercartilaginous distances in the adjacent areas (arrow). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1572-1578DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00120-6) Copyright © 2003 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions