11/14/16 We will go over the review for the Test on Tuesday 11/15/16 Get out Review, Binder, Pen/Pencil

Sam Houston First regularly elected president of the Republic of Texas (two terms: 1836–1838, 1841–1844) Wanted peace between Mexico and Texas Cut back on expenses and had higher taxes Worked to avoid conflict between Texas Indians and settlers Promised land grants to American Indians in Texas Sought annexation of Texas Negotiated trade with Europe Friends with the Native Americans Thought President Lamar was a bad chief

Mirabeau Lamar President of Texas 1838–1841 • Visionary, wanted expansion to the Pacific Ocean • Known as the “Father of Texas Education”; established public school system • Increase the debt of Texas by over spending • Recommissioned the Texas Navy • Worked against Texas Indians’ occupation of Texas lands • Wanted to start a war with Mexico The battle of Neches occurred between the Texas Army and the Cherokee and the Texas Rangers and the Comanche Native American Policy- hated them; wanted them gone. Was Against Anexation

Anson Jones Third and last president of Texas (1844–1846) • Support annexation into the U.S. • Jones negotiated treaty of recognition with Mexico • Texas joined United States in 1846; Jones retired from office • Wanted peace with the Native Americans

What are the problems the Presidents had to face during 9 years of Texas being a country? • All presidents faced four major issues during the 9 years Texas was a Republic. Those issues were debt, Native Americans, Mexico, and annexation

William Goyens African American from North Carolina • Served as interpreter for Sam Houston with the Cherokee Indians, helping keep friendly relations during the Texas Revolution • Built buildings on property near Nacogdoches • Became wealthy through real estate acquisitions Was sent by Houston to make sure the Native Americans knew that no harm was intended to them.

Mary Maverick Lived in San Antonio during Republic of Texas era • Wrote diaries made into memoirs that help historians understand this period of Texas history • Her son, Lewis Antonio Maverick, was the first Anglo child to be born and grow up in San Antonio • Participated in the Council House Fight in 1840 Daughter of the Republic Wrote an Eye Witness Account of the Council House Fight

Chief Bowles Leader of Cherokee band in Texas • Cooperated with the Mexican government during the Texas Revolution • Received promise from Sam Houston in 1836 to keep land but not kept by Republic of Texas • Involved in relationship with Mexico to fight against Texas • Ordered to leave Texas by President Lamar • Resisted Republic government; killed in Battle of the Neches in 1839; last battle between Cherokees and Anglos in Texas

What are the steps the Texans took to be annexed into the U.S.? Texas holds a vote for statehood Petition the U.S. Congress Adopt a constitution U.S. Congress votes majority rules President signs Joint Resolution Texas Annexation Treaty of annexation was rejected A joint resolution was passed by congress Era of early statehood began

Manifest Destiny- the dream that the U.S. would own all the land from the east to the west. Also known from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The United States had the right to settle North America from Coast to Coast

• American Texans desired to become part of the United States. Annexation- • American Texans desired to become part of the United States. • United States’ desire for Manifest Destiny • Sam Houston and Anson Jones supported Annexation • Eventually achieved annexation under Polk’s presidency in 1845 Some legislators opposed annexation because they wanted to keep their own government

Mexican-American War- • Mexico claimed the Nueces River as its border, and the United States/Texas claimed the Rio Grande. • The war began at Brownsville when a small battle breaks out, and American blood is shed

What is the outcome of the Mexican-American War? The U.S. wins the war against Mexico and creates a peace treaty with Mexico. Mexico was forced to give up all claims to Texas

Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty- · Ended the Mexican War · Mexican Cession – the Southwest is claimed by the United States. · Mexico accepts Texas as part of the United States, and the United States paid $15 million to Mexico. · The Rio Grande River is the border of Texas. The boundary between the U.S. and Mexico was settled.

Compromise of 1850- • The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Act states that Texas would receive $10 million in return for giving up part of their western and northern territory, paying off Texas’ debt, and determining the western boundary of the state. • This agreement was intended to deal with the slavery issue California was admitted as a free state with its current boundaries.

Mier Expedition: Mexican Troops defeated the Texans and they were executed for drawing a black bean.

Mexico was concerned about Texas joining the U. S Mexico was concerned about Texas joining the U.S. because Mexico and Texas claimed some of the same land.

Republic of Texas Texas had a lot of debt They wanted peace with the Native American and Mexican Government Were for the Annexation of Texas