Topic 11 Divisions of the Nervous System

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Presentation transcript:

Topic 11 Divisions of the Nervous System

Meninges… Stability & shock Dura mater Arachnoid mater Dense collagen Nerves & bld v. Epidural space… Arachnoid mater S. squam Subarachnoid space No bld v. Collagen & elastin 12.3.1

Meninges… Pia mater Thin, w/ bld v. Attached to surface... Nurtures

12.3.2

13.3.1

Ventricles 4 Countinuous… CSF… 13.2.2

Choroid plexus Produces… Projects… Ependymal cells Blocks Transport 13.3.3

CSF ECF Most is made in… Baths exposed… Sends env info Maintains [ion]

31 segments Enlargements Divided by… Cross-section Horns Funiculi Fissure/sulcus Cross-section Horns Funiculi 12.2(1,2)

Bilateral region of skin monitored by a pair of spinal nerves. Dermatomes Bilateral region of skin monitored by a pair of spinal nerves. Map for damage Ex. shingles 12.5.3

Center spinal reflexes Conduit Nerve pathway Function: Center spinal reflexes Conduit Nerve pathway Afferent Efferent

Preprogrammed response Automatic Regulates Reflexes Preprogrammed response Automatic Regulates 12.13.1

Knee jerk reflex: Monosynaptic 12.12.1

Crossed extensor reflex: Contralateral 12.13.2

Conduit Ascending tract Sensory impulse Cross-over

Conduit Descending tract motor impulse

Neural tube  fore/mid/hindbrain with cavities 13.1(1,2)

Three major portions 13.2.1

Cerebral cortex Covers gyri Gray 75% of all cell bodies May cross at…

High brain functions Areas Sensoryparietal Motoryfrontal Special senses… Vision Hearing Gustatory & olfactory Associational… Connects of brain structures Integrates sensory information 13.10.1

Both control basic functions, but on… Left-intellectual function Dominance Both control basic functions, but on… Left-intellectual function Right-emotional/intuitive Memory Short term Electrical Continued pattern of stimulation Long term Change in structure Theory: repeated stimulation strengthens connects

13.7+

Diencephalon Dense mass… Thalamus Hypothalamus Limbic system Selective gateway for impulses Hypothalamus Homeostasis Links NS & ES Limbic system Group of nuclei Emotional response

13.6.3

Midbrain Several masses= reflex centers Ex. Eye/ear reflex Pathway Pons Control breathing rhythm Medulla oblongata Reflex center

Reticular formation HQ Filter sensory Maintains consciousness

Cerebellum Hemispheres Cerebellar cortex Balance & equilibrium Smooth movements

Peripheral anatomy Nerve Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium Can be classified as…

12.5.1

Some sp. senses/some motor Subdivide PNS: Cranial nerves 12 Some sp. senses/some motor Subdivide Somatic Conscious activities Skin & muscles Autonomic Subconscious Viscera

13.14

PNS: Spinal nerves #... Mixed Named from…

Ventral root Motory Plexus Then divides to ramus Dorsal root Sensory Ganglion

Reflexes controlled from… Sensory info from… ANS: Reflexes controlled from… Sensory info from… Integrated outside of spinal cord 2 division: Sympathetic Prepares for expending E Ganglia near spinal cord Parasympathetic Active during restful conditions Restores conditions Ganglia near effector organ

14.4.1

14.4.2

Autonomic nerve fibers: Motor (efferent) neuron of ANS

Sympathetic (postganglion) Norepinephine Adrenergic Fight or flight Parasympathetic (postganglion) ACh Cholinergic restful 14.6+

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