Heat and Temperature Chapter 14

Temperature ______________ plays a vital roll in our lives. We use weather to determine many aspects of our __________. __________or not What to wear ________ The ___________ of a substance is proportional to the _________ energy of the substance’s ___________.

Particles All __________ have __________ because the Kinetic Theory states that all particles are always in _______ ___________ is directly related to the speed of the particles Faster __________ of particles the higher the __________ and vise versa

Temperature ____________ use the expansion of liquids inside of them to measure ____________ Most use liquid ethanol or ________ _______ also expand when heated and contract when cooled __________ inside homes are made with metal ________ The coils expand or ________ toward depending on the ___________

Temperature Scales There are different __________ scales used throughout the world __________, Celsius, and Kelvin scales are _________used for different applications in different parts of the world. Here in the US we use _________ Most other countries use _________ _________ is used primarily for science purposes

Temperature Scales ___________ __________ Water freezes at 32 degrees and water boils at __________ __________ Water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees 1 degree __________ is equal to 1.8 degrees __________

Fahrenheit-Celsius Conversion

Kelvin Scale The theoretically lowest temperature is -273.15 Celsius and this is known as ______________ At the ___________ of absolute zero objects are said to have no kinetic energy P________ can never completely reach absolute zero because _________ are always moving No negative value of degrees _________

Kelvin to Celsius

Transfer of energy If you put an ice cube on your hand the ice cube is much colder than the temperature of your hand, but when you place the ice cube in your hand energy from your hand is transferred to the ice cube, and the ice cube melts and your hand gets colder __________ is transferred from a higher temperature to a _____________ Because _________are moving faster than cold particles so they are easier to move and transfer to other ________ __________  the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures

Energy Transfer Heat energy can be ___________ in three ways: Convection

Conduction ________ of heat through a wire If you are roasting ___________ with a wire hanger you will feel that heat of the fire heating up your ________ wire This is known as _____________ __________ takes place when objects are in direct contact with equal ________

Conduction

Convection ____________ energy transfer resulting from the ________ of warm fluids ______ less dense air is forced upward and _____ dense air is pushed down _________ occurs in most fluids (liquid and gas) ______________ any movement of matter that results from differences in density (vertical, horizontal, circular) Moves up when _______ and back down when it is cooled

Convection

Radiation _________ energy that is transferred as ____________ waves When you sit next to a fire you feel the ______ of it because of the electromagnetic waves that the fire is ________ When our body comes into contact with _________ it increases our temperature because it makes our _______ move faster __________ is the only transfer of energy that can occur in a _________ Earth’s interaction with the sun is through __________

Conductor & Insulators _________ is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat _______ pans are made of metal because ________ are great _________ of heat _________ material that ________ energy poorly Holds heat in or keep heat out __________ for houses keep heat inside Oven _________keep heat out (prevent transfer of heat from pan to your hand)

Specific Heat Depending on the ________ of a object depends on how much heat can be _________ Metal spoons become much warmer than plastic spoons because metal is a better conductor of heat than plastic ___________ the amount of energy required to raise the ________ of a 1 kg substance by 1 degree kelvin All materials have different __________because of the material and the mass of the object

Specific Heat We can use this formula to calculate the temperature change of any object

Law of Thermodynamics ____________________: The __________ used in any process is conserved, whether that energy is _________ as a result of work, heat, or both Energy transferred as heat always moves from an object at a __________ to an object at a lower temperature

1st Law of Thermodynamics If you rub your hands together work is done and heat is ________ between your hands Your hands increase in ___________

2nd Law of Thermodynamics __________: the measure of ___________ or disorder in a system Over time in any given ________ left to itself, the ________ of the system will increase because systems tend to go from high energy to low energy _________ is lost and transferred to increase the amount of disorder in a system

Read pg. 492-493 Discuss Heat Engines and how engines work Take notes as a class