Goodbye to the “Hedonistic Calculators” and Hello to “Born Criminals”

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

What is Crime?. Why? How can we test if genes play a part in criminal behaviour? Who can we study? – Twin studies: monozygotic twins (MZ-100%) dizygotic.

Advertisements

Lesson 4 – Classical Approach and Rational Choice Robert Wonser Introduction to Criminology Crime and Delinquency 1.

Choice Theory Development of Choice Theory Concepts of Rational Choice

The Rational Offender The “Classical School” Deterrence Theory

Introduction to Criminology CRJ 270 Instructor: Jorge Pierrott.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc Biological Roots of Criminal Behaviour Chapter 6.

REVOLUTION: PRESENT FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY EARLY LIFE PSYCHOTHERAPY TO BIOLOGICAL DISEASE BRAIN MEDICATION.

Spring 2004chris uggen – soc Lecture 6: from correlates to causal models: biology and psychology.

Biology and Crime From Lombroso to Modern Biosocial Theories.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Theories of Delinquency. What to look for in a theory What are the central concepts (causes) Is the theory empirically supported? –Survey research, experimental.

An integrative look at criminal behaviour 2.3 The biological level of analysis.

Rational Choice People make choices that maximize benefits and minimize costs to themselves Favors a “get-tough” approach to crime—Make crime cost more.

The Rational Offender The “Classical School” Deterrence Theory Rational Choice Theory Routine Activities Theory.

Deterrence Theory Rational Choice Theory Routine Activities Theory

Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories

Rational Choice, Routine Activities, and Deterrence.

Topic E: are criminals born or made? WEEK 1  TO EXAMINE BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF CRIMINALITY.  TO ANSWER THE QUESTION: ‘TO WHAT EXTEND IS NATURE.

Chapter 4 Biology and Crime Chapter Objectives (1 of 2) ▪Learn the history of biological explanations of criminal behavior. This includes early biological.

“Rational Choice” and Opportunity Theories. “Rational Choice Theory” Economics (language, theory) –“Expected Utility” = calculation of all risks and rewards.

Biological Explanations “Heredity is one of the reasons that parents with problems often have children with problems” J. Harris 98:294.

Biological Approaches

Biology and Crime Early Theories of Biology and Crime Modern Approaches – Behavioral Genetics – Biological Factors Related to Crime – Biosocial Theory.

1 Conflict & Marxist Theory Prediction: Those who lack power will get treated more harshly by the CJS In U.S., power = race/class Controlling for “legal.

General Learning Outcome #1 By: Rafal Zerebecki & Nada Abdel-Hamid.

Biological Theories. Are Criminals Fundamentally Different from Non-criminals? Classical School –No Biological positivists –Yes.

Biological Explanations of offending Twin Studies and Adoption Studies.

Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006, 2001, 1997 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved 0 Criminology: A Sociological.

1 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL THEORIES OF CRIME. 2 …while socialisation theories assume original sin, and focus on the development or restraints or inhibitions.

Biology and Crime Early Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s

Soc 322 – Indiv Approaches Origin of criminology - how to deal with the “dangerous classes” surplus populations From elite perspective: What is wrong with.

Process Theory Continued

RESEARCH & THEORY ON FAMILY VIOLENCE Chapter 3 DR GINNA BABCOCK.

A General Theory of Crime Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990)

DR GINNA BABCOCK RESEARCH & THEORY ON FAMILY VIOLENCE CHAPTER 3.

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.6-1 Chapter 6 Biological Roots of Criminal Behaviour.

Biology and Crime zEarly Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s zSociological Criticism and Dominance zNew Directions in Biological research yBiosocial.

The Criminal Justice System. Approaches to Crime Control Deterrence: the threat of punishment does deter crime if the individual knows: ▫They are likely.

THE EARLY SCHOOLS OF CRIMINOLOGY : CLASSICAL VIEW AND POSITIVISM.

Important Piece of Research I Forgot to Cover Larry Sherman’s Domestic Violence Experiments  Random assignment of police response to D.V. Counsel Separate.

Unit 4 Criminology, Part 2 Ethics of Fraud Investigation.

Neoclassical theory Just deserts Retribution Incapacitation.

Genetic Explanation Continued…..

Why Would We Study Twins?

4 Early Biological Perspectives on Criminal Behavior.

THEORIES OF CAUSATION OF CRIME

Unit 3: Criminal Law Criminology.

Sutherland & Cressy (1960) Criminology is the scientific approach to:

Theories of Crime Biology.

Chapter Four Rational Choice Theory

Chapter 4 Biology and Crime

Positivist criminology

Chapter 5 The Classical Thinkers

A General Theory of Crime Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990)

Sutherland & Cressy (1960) Criminology is the scientific approach to:

Assumptions about “Motivation towards crime”

Explaining Crime and Deviance

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES.

Theories of Delinquency

Introduction to Theory

A General Theory of Crime Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990)

“Choice Theories” Historical Context of Choice Theories

Twin studies October 3, 2017.

Biology and Crime Early Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s

Biology and Crime Early Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s

Assumptions about “Motivation towards crime”

Theoretical and Scientific Foundations of Strategic Crime Control

Review of Hirsch (1969) What is a “pure” control theory?

The Impact of incarceration on the risk of violent recidivism

Presentation transcript:

Goodbye to the “Hedonistic Calculators” and Hello to “Born Criminals”

Saying Goodbye to RCT WHY DOESN’T DETERRENCE/RCT RECEIVE MUCH EMPIRICAL SUPPORT? POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Why little support for deterrence? We can’t get certain, severe, swift enough The theory is based on bad assumptions How rational are we? Equality of opportunity, pleasure, pain? “Marginal” deterrence!

POLICY IMPLICATIONS General Deterrence: certain, swift, and severe punishment reduces crime rates, or the probability that an individual will offend Specific Deterrence: CS&S punishment reduces recidivism Can’t/Won’t make sentences swift, certain, and severe enough? Incapacitate (no opportunity) or Target Harden

Biology and Crime Early Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s Sociological Criticism and Dominance New Directions in Biological research Biosocial Interactions

Early Biological Positivism Lombroso’s “born criminal” Darwinistic theory of “atavism” Various theories of the “feeble-minded” Charles Goring, E.A. Hooten body stature and weight The XYY supermale Commonality? 1 immutable factor directly causes crime

Biology from 1940-1980s Any hint of “biological research” was ridiculed, ignored, treated as “taboo.” Akers: this criticism was warranted The use of “knowledge destruction?” 1990s-present: rebirth of biological research Is modern biological research or theory any better?

Is Crime “inherited?” Twin Studies Adoption studies Christianson (1977) “Concordance” rates: MZ (36%), DZ (12%) Criticism of twin studies? Adoption studies “cross fostering” analyses criminal history of biological parents vs. adoptive parents

Cross Fostering Analysis

Assuming that something is inherited... “Intelligence” (Monday’s Class) “Physiological Arousal” How our body processes stimuli cortical arousal, CNS measures (heart rate, etc.) Personality/Temperament (Wednesday) ADD, ADHD??

A “Biosocial” emphasis No modern theory relies solely on biology Interaction of biology and social factors Example: Mednick’s biosocial theory 1.Children refrain from crime when consistently socialized to do so 2.Socialization = parental efficacy X child’s learning ability 3. Some children don’t feel “sting” of punishment

POLICY IMPLICATIONS Early Positivism Biosocial Criminology Eugenics (quotes from Hooten, others) Biosocial Criminology Biology may identify “high risk” kids Prevention can target “social” factors