Integrated Science 4A VIDEO

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Presentation transcript:

Integrated Science 4A VIDEO Unit 5- Ions & Isotopes Integrated Science 4A VIDEO

Atomic Number Atoms differ from one another because of their proton number, otherwise known as the atomic number. Atomic Number: number of protons; not the number of neutrons. All the elements in the periodic table are listed according to the element’s increasing atomic number (from left to right).

Isotopes Isotope- atoms with the same number of protons. But have different numbers of neutrons. To find the # of Isotopes: Find the #of P, N, and E. Subtract the Mass #– atomic # to find the #of neutrons. Carbon-14  has ___ neutrons Carbon-12  has ___ neutrons  This number = NEW Mass number

Real life isotopes Used in smoke detector. Food irradiation. Process where food is exposed to the radiation of an element, often cobalt-60. High energy particles that are passing through the food, bacteria and microorganisms are killed. Cellular processes that lead to over-ripening and spoiling are also hindered. Paleontologists are able to discover the age of organic materials from bones to clothing by looking at Carbon isotopes.

Ions Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Proton and neutron number are unchanged when an ion forms. Ion – different number of electrons. Cation = positively charged ion (loses an electron) Metals form cations. Anion = negatively charged ion (gains an electron) Nonmetals form anions.

Real life applications of ions Besides from the common household object of table salt (NaCl), many rocks in our Earth are held together via ionic bonding. Out in space, cosmic dust is also due to ionic bonding.

Na atom _____ protons Fluorine atom _____ electrons You need to know: N3- nitride ion Na+1 ion P3- phosphide ion F-1 ion O2- oxide ion S2- sulfide ion Name of ion: sodium ion F- fluoride ion Name of ion: fluoride ion Cl - chloride ion Br- bromide ion I- iodide ion

Metals = positive ions Nonmetals = negative ions Group # Ion Charge # e- lost/gained IA metals 1+ 1 e- lost II A metals 2+ 2 e- lost III A metals 3+ 3 e- lost VA nonmetals 3- 3 e- gained VI A nonmetals 2- 2 e- gained VII A nonmetals 1- 1 e- gained

Trends on the Periodic Table As you move down the periodic table, # of energy levels increases. Size of the atom increases as you move down As you move across, atom get smaller and electrons and protons are added. Size of the atom decreases as you move to the right Table is created by increasing atomic number not weight! Video