Chapter 14

Rural Growth and Crisis 1000 and 1445- Population grew Some Urbanization Black Death- Ends serfdom Mines and Mills Profits Environmental damages Urbanization Increased trade Flanders and Northern Italy Rise of independent city states Social mobility Persecuted Jews Guilds Rise of Banking Cathedrals

Rise of Learning University arose Humanists Johann Gutenberg scholasticism Humanists Dante Alighieri Chaucer Petrarch and Boccaccio vernacular Johann Gutenberg Ninja Turtles Medicis

Donatello

Michelangelo was a Renaissance man. St Michelangelo was a Renaissance man. St. Peter’s Basilica, Sistine Chapel, and David

Leonardo da Vinci-Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.

Raphael- Studied Michelangelo and Leonardo-he conveyed thoughts with facial expressions

Francesco Petrarch was a famous poet Boccaccio- Wrote a book called the Decameron. Machiavelli- Wrote a political guidebook called The Prince

Political & Military Transformations The Hundred Years War Joan of Arc armor-piercing crossbow & firearms Stronger Monarchs- Weaker Nobles- Weaker Church Avignon Popes Professional standing Armies Kings needed more money Magna Carta Iberian Unification Reconquesta Expulsion of Jews Spanish Inquisition

The Spanish Inquisition Started in 1492 Muslims, Jews, and Pagans had to convert to Christianity No conversion = leaving Spain or dying 29