THE PERIODIC TABLE By B. Blacher/P. Boubion

What information can be found in this box?

ATOMIC NUMBER 6 CHEMICAL SYMBOL C CHEMICAL NAME Carbon ATOMIC MASS 12.001

C equals the number of protons in an atom. Carbon 12.001 ATOMIC NUMBER 6 equals the number of protons in an atom. C Carbon 12.001

C 6 equals the number of protons + neutrons Carbon 12.001 ATOMIC MASS 6 equals the number of protons + neutrons C Carbon 12.001 12 = 6 protons + 6 neutrons

6 Review C Carbon 12.001 CHEMICAL SYMBOL - letter or letters representing an element. CHEMICAL NAME - name of element. ATOMIC NUMBER- the number of protons in the nucleus. ATOMIC MASS- number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

ANATOMY OF AN ATOM

ATOMIC NUMBER 7 N Nitrogen 14.001

ATOMIC NUMBER 8 O Oxygen 16.00

ATOMIC NUMBER 9 F Fluorine 19.00

ATOMIC NUMBER 10 Ne Neon 20.18

How are the Periodic table and a data table alike?

PERIOD- a row indicates the number of energy levels or electron shells. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

PERIOD 1 1 2 3 PERIOD 2 4 5 PERIOD 3 6 7 PERIOD 4 PERIOD 5 PERIOD 6 He PERIOD 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fr PERIOD 7 Rn PERIOD 6 Xe PERIOD 5 Ne PERIOD 2 Kr PERIOD 4 Ar PERIOD 3

GROUP NUMBER- a column on the periodic table; also known as a family. 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 GROUP NUMBER- a column on the periodic table; also known as a family. Indicates how many electrons in the outer shell. All members of a family react similarly to one another

GROUP NUMBER- a column on the periodic table; also known as a family. IA VIIIB An alternate method: IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA IB IIB GROUP NUMBER- a column on the periodic table; also known as a family. Indicates how many electrons in the outer shell. All members of a family react similar to one another

Let’s review: GROUPS are columns of families PERIODS are rows

Why are these elements grouped together? Elements in the same family or group have similar properties... GROUPS are columns of families

ALKALI METALS FAMILY GROUP IA 2H2O + 2Na  2NaOH + H2 Lithium 1 valence electron Lithium Never found uncombined in nature. 2H2O + 2Na  2NaOH + H2 Reacts violently with water to form heat + Hydrogen gas + alkali (OH containing compound) Sodium hydrogen Hydroxide gas Soft enough to cut with a knife Shiny.

ALKALI EARTH METALS FAMILY GROUP IIA Beryllium Second most reactive metals. Never found uncombined in nature. Fairly hard. Good conductors of electricity. 2 valence electrons Magnesium alloy Beryllium-Copper spring Calcium in bones

METALLOIDS Found on both sides of zig zag line Share properties of both metals & non-metals. Dull or shiny. Ductile & malleable. Conducts heat & electricity, but not as well as metals. Silicon wafer arsenic silicon tellurium

NON-METALS GROUPS IVB - VIIIB 17 elements located to the right of the zigzag line + Hydrogen Tend to gain valence electrons. Physical properties are opposite those of metals. Dull in appearance. Poor conductors of heat and electricity Usually gain or share electrons & Readily form compounds. helium Carbon (charcoal) neon Sulfur krypton iodine

HALOGENS GROUP VIIB HF HCl HBr All but one are non-metals. 7 valence electrons Gains or share 1 electron when it reacts. All are very reactive; usually harmful to humans. Many acids contain halogens: Rock containing Fluorine Iodine Iodine Chlorine bleach HF Hydrofluoric acid HCl Hydrochloric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid

NOBLE OR INERT GASES GROUP VIIIB Chemically stable & non-reactive. Have a filled outer shell. Do not form compounds or react with other elements. helium neon krypton argon neon

RARE-EARTH METALS plutonium neodymium cerium uranium LANTHANIDES SERIES Soft. Malleable. Good conductors. Used to make alloys. ACTINIDES SERIES Metals. Radioactive. Nucleus very unstable. Many are synthetic. plutonium neodymium cerium uranium

Let’s review the families Alkali metals Alkali metals Alkali earth metals Transition metals Rare earth metals Halogens Noble / inert gases Metalloids Non-metals Non-metals Noble / inert gases Alkali earth metals Metalloids Halogens Transition metals Rare earth metals

Which element is in a class by itself? Why? The answer is Like Group 1: It has 1 valence electron Is it : Hydrogen Hydrogen Helium Gold Platinum? Unlike Group 1, it is a non metal. Its most common isotope has no neutrons