Bell Work How does the nervous system respond to stimuli? What components make up the CNS? What is the pons responsible for?

The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System The Endocrine System is the body’s “slow” chemical communication system.

Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body. Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. For example, epinephrine (adrenaline) increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar and feelings of excitement during emergency situations. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.

Lock and Key= each hormone is specific to a receptor Q: If hormones are secreted into the blood, how is it possible that they only affect certain cells? A: The target cells have receptor molecules that bind specifically to the hormone molecule to initiate a response Q: How are endocrine glands different from exocrine glands? A: Exocrine glands secrete their products (often enzymes) into ducts ex: salivary glands, tear and sweat glands

Pituitary Gland Is called the “master gland.” The anterior pituitary lobe releases hormones that regulate other glands. The posterior lobe regulates water and salt balance and releases other hormones Regulates growth hormones Pituitary- master gland- attached by a stalk to the hypothalamus in the brain- secretes hormones (tropic hormones) that control release of other hormones from other glands Ex: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes release of cortisol from kidneys involved in long-term response to stress- suppression of immune system

Hypothalamus Controls Pituitary Links endocrine And nervous system Add to brain diagram Hypothalamus is master of the pituitary gland- contains Neuroendocrine cells-neurons that synapse with neurons from brain and receive all sorts of sensory information from the brain- neuroendocrine cells secrete tropic hormones that act on pituitary gland and cause it to release its hormones- links the endocrine and nervous system

Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands Regulate metabolic and calcium rate.

Goiter’s Disease Goiter’s disease- deficiency in iodine, which is processed by the thyroid

Adrenal Glands Adrenal glands consist of the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. The medulla secretes adrenal hormones The adrenal cortex regulates salt and carbohydrate metabolism. Pancreas: sugar levels during stressful and emotional situations

Gonads Sex glands: regulate development maintain reproductive organs in adults. Ovaries- secrete estrogen. Testes- secrete testosterone Sex glands are located in different places in men and women. They regulate bodily development and maintain reproductive organs in adults.

Wrap Up

Imagine you are an endocrinologist

Four patients come to you with the following conditions Four patients come to you with the following conditions. Diagnose which gland in the endocrine system may be affected: The patient suffers from too little calcium in the blood The patient is an adult male and is only 4 feet and 6 inches tall The patient has goiters The patient is a 24 year old female without female secondary sexual characteristics