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YouTube - Beautiful Human Body Under Microscope YouTube - The Life InSide a Cell

What is a cell? Basic unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing. Various sizes and shapes Organism- living thing Unicellular multicellular

Microscope Development 1665 – Robert Hooke named cell 1674 – Anton von Leeuwenhoek - looked at cells in pond water and blood and published his observations

Cell Theory The cell theory states that: All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic unit s of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells

Cells from Labs:

Levels of Organization CELLS TISSUES ORGANS SYSTEMS ORGANISM

Levels of organization Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions

Tissue A group of similar cells to perform a particular function Animals : epithelial tissue, muscular tissue Plants : vascular tissue, mesophyll

Organ Different tissues group together to carry out specialized functions Heart : consists of muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels Leaf : consists of epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissue

The Structures of a Leaf (Plant Organ) Chloroplast Palisade Mesophyll Cell Spongy Mesophyll Cell Air Space Stoma

The Structures of a Heart (Animal Organ)

System Several organs and tissues work together to carry out a particular set of functions in a co-ordinated way Human : digestive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems Plant : root and shoot systems

Human Body Systems Examples of systems : Digestive System Respiratory System Circulatory System Nervous System Reproductive System

Examples of a Human Body System

Examples of a Human Body System

Examples of a Human Body System Circulatory System

Examples of a Human Body System Nervous System

Levels of Organization CELLS (muscle cells,nerve cells) TISSUES (muscle, epithelium) ORGANS (heart, lungs, stomach) SYSTEMS (circulatory system) ORGANISM (human)

Levels of Organization CELLS - C TISSUES- T ORGANS -O SYSTEMS -S ORGANISM -O

It’s You!

Cell Specialization

Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

Types of Cells Prokaryotic cell (no nucleus) Eukaryotic cell (has nucleus)

Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells: have genetic material that is NOT contained in a nucleus that is; they lack nucleus Simple cell No membrane-bound organelles Chromosome not contained in nucleus Small cells Ex - bacteria

Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

That is; they have membrane bound nucleus Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which genetic material is seperated from the rest of the cell. That is; they have membrane bound nucleus Complex cell Membrane-bound organelles Chromosomes contained in nucleus Larger cells Ex – all other organisms (Plants and animals)

Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell

Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

What is the function of the lysosome? Cleans up stuff for the cell to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Cell membrane Fence Controls what goes in and out of the cell

What is the function of the Cell membrane? Fence Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Vacuoles Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Mitochondria Ribosome Golgi complex Lysosome ER (SER & RER) Cell membrane Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast Centrioles

What type of cell is this? B _____ A ______

What is a cell? Basic unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing. Various sizes and shapes Organism- living thing Unicellular multicellular

What are the functions of the parts of a cell basic

Animals have cell wall? FALSE Only plants have cell wall Remember plant cells are rectangular in shape

Comparing the cell to a factory or city or school, etc Name of place Your product Indicate if plant cell or animal cell Plant cell rectangular (9 parts) Animal cell circular (6 parts) Name, date, class period 5. Key: Names of parts and their function

Cells Lab Cells lab

3. Make wet mount slide of onion (add iodine) Hypothesis: __________________________________________________________ Materials- (List materials needed here) : ____________________________________ Procedure: 1 Make wet mount slide of Elodea 2. Make wet mount slide of cheek cells 1. Add one drop of methylene blue to the middle of a clean slide. 2. use a toothpick to gently scrape the inside of your cheek 3. Gently touch the toothpick to the drop of dye on the slide.Cover. 3. Make wet mount slide of onion (add iodine) Observation: Elodea 10X Cheek cells 10X Onion 10X 40X Elodea

What color did the Elodea appear to be? ______________________ Conclusion What color did the Elodea appear to be? ______________________ What organelle and its content made Elodea this color? _____________ What process does this pigment allow the plant to do? _______________ Why do we need to stain some of the cells with a dye like iodine or methylene blue? List the parts of a cell you could see in the cheek cells at 40x. _____________ Fill in: Parts we found in all cells Parts only found in animal cells (cheek cells) Parts only found in plant cells (onion and elodea)

Cheek cells