Matter and its Properties

What is matter? Use these terms in your explanation: atom, molecule, volume and mass! Elements Type affects properties make up

Matter can undergo a Chemical Change New substance(s) formed by the breaking or formation of new bonds between atoms. New substance has different properties than original substance – Must be chemical The change is normally not reversible There is a change in colour Gas bubbles are present Heat, light or smoke are released A participate forms (solid) The more you checked off above, the more likely the substances you are observing have gone through a chemical change. Ex. Fireworks, blackened marshmallow, corrosion on a ship, gas bubbles or solid formed without heating or cooling.

Matter can undergo a Physical Change No new substance was created – Must be physical The change can be reversed (most of the time) The substance underwent a change of state due to heating or cooling the substance (solid, liquid, gas) The change is only in appearance or form of the material The more you check off above, the more likely the substances you are observing have gone through a physical change Ex. Boiling water; Dissolving a salt into solution

Try This: Which of the following everyday activities are physical changes and which are chemical changes? a. chemical b. physical c. chemical d. physical e. chemical f. physical a. burning leaves b. mixing sand with soil c. An iron nail rusts as it sits on the ground outside d. using a glue gun e. A cake rises as it is baked f. A window cracks when a rock hits it on the highway

Making Observations on Matter Physical Properties – characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured table p. 22 text Examples: ______________________________________ Qualitative Observations The observation describes the look and feel of what is happening. The observation does not involve measuring what is being observed. Examples: The chemical is smelly and orange It is hot today The 60 W bulb is brighter than the 40 W bulb

Quantitative Observation: The observation describes a measurement made of what is happening The observation involves measuring what has been observed Examples: 15 grams of chemical A was produced in the reaction The liquid has a density of 2.56 g/mL 10 mL of water was added to the dough The flight was 10 minutes late Classify each of the following observations as Qualitative (Qual) or Quantitative (Quan)? The bowling ball is heavier than the basketball John is 6 lbs heavier than Claire The temperature increased by 5○C The colour changed from blue to green Qual Quan

Chemical Property- the ability of matter to react with another substance to form one or more new substances with new properties. Reactivity depends on the structure of the atoms that make up matter.

Metals with Oxygen Iron reacts readily with oxygen forming RUST

Metals with Acids Aluminum reacts with Hydrochloric acid releasing Hydrogen gas   2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) -> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)

Inert Gases Neon is an inert gas and does not like to react with anything

Matter can be classified as either a Pure Substance or a Mixture. Pure Substances –a substance made up of only one kind of particle with the same properties throughout. Element - An element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. An atom is the smallest amount of a particular element that retains the properties of the element. Name 2 elements Molecule – is a pure substance made of two or more atoms that can either come from the same element or different elements in definite proportions Name 2 molecules (made of one element) (made of two or more elements) Compound - a pure substance composed of at least two elements in definite proportions Name 2 compounds

Why are all compounds considered molecules but not all molecules are considered compounds? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gsrW0Vb5sw 2. Mixtures – two or more pure substances mixed together in any proportions (e.g. salt water– different substances dissolved in H2O) Molecules are made of atoms that can either come from the same element or different elements. Compounds are made up of at least two different elements.

Try This: Identify substance as either a pure substance (pure) or a mixture (Mix). If you know type of pure substance indicate this as well! a. sodium chloride b. vinegar c. copper d. soup e. gasoline f. water g. nitrogen gas h. whipped cream Pure – compound (NaCl) Pure – compound ((CH3COOH) Pure - element mixture Pure -Compound & molecule Pure – molecule & element - N2 Mixture – air and cream

What Physical States Exist for Matter? What causes substances to change Physical State? What two things happen to particles in a substance when the substance changes state? 1)__________________________________________ 2)__________________________________________ Heating or cooling the substance Particles move faster or slower Particles move closer or further apart

Molecules should be replaced with particles or atoms because not all materials are made from molecules (two or more atoms bonded together chemically)

Changes of Physical State

Try This: Mercury is a metal with a melting point of -39°C and a boiling point of 357°C. What is its physical state (solid, liquid, gas) at: a. 0°C b. 500°C c. -1°C a. liquid b. gas c. liquid

Do This! Complete table on properties of the substances. Use the internet

Do This! Read Bag of Change Lab Complete Bag of Change Follow Lab Procedure and Be Safe!