Astronomical Distances

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Presentation transcript:

Astronomical Distances

Warm-up What is a light year?

Light year is a unit of distance, NOT time Light Year: the distance light travels in one year (9.5 trillion km!!!) Kilometers are too small to use in astronomy one light-year is equal to 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers or 5,879,000,000,000 miles

Light Year

Parsec is used to measure greater distances between stars and galaxies 1 parsec = 3.26 light years

Astronomical Units (AUs) measure distances between planets (our solar system) AU is the average distance between the Earth and Sun (1 AU) 1 AU is about 150 million km

Mercury is the closest at 0.39 AUs while Neptune is the farthest at 30.06 AUs

Stars that seem to be close may actually be very far away from each other.

The universe is immense in size Astronomers use units and methods of measuring that are not used to on Earth

Parallax is used to measure the distance to nearby stars Parallax: when objects appear to move or shift due to earth’s orbit This method uses trigonometry nearby stars = 300 light years or less

Parallax Jan. draw this June

Standard Candle Class of objects which have known luminosity Luminosity = total amount of energy emitted by an object Ex: H-R Diagram, Supernova, and Cepheid Variable Stars

The Distance Ladder Each stage in the ladder overlaps the previous and next Cepheid distances are critical Tully-Fisher, fundamental plane apply to whole galaxies Supernova are now the best estimators at large distances