Static properties of transcription factors (TFs) within the hierarchical framework. Static properties of transcription factors (TFs) within the hierarchical.

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Static properties of transcription factors (TFs) within the hierarchical framework. Static properties of transcription factors (TFs) within the hierarchical framework. (A) Average number of target genes (TGs) regulated or co‐regulated by TFs (left), percentage of TFs in each layer that are hubs (middle), and degree distribution of TFs (right). (B) Break‐down of combinatorial regulatory patterns from a TG's perspective showing the percentage of TGs regulated by a combinatorial set of TFs from one or more layers. Less than 1% of TGs are jointly regulated by the top‐ and bottom‐layer TFs. Values marked with red and green texts and arrows indicate that the corresponding subgroups are statistically under‐ or over‐represented, respectively, compared with those in random networks of same size and degree distribution as the yeast regulatory network (see Results and Materials and methods). The percentages do not add up to 100, as a small fraction of genes are regulated by the ten unclassified TFs not included in the study. (C) Break‐down of feed‐forward loop (FFL) motifs showing the composition of all FFL motifs in the yeast regulatory network. Top panel shows FFL motifs where all the three nodes involve TFs, and the bottom panel shows FFL motifs involving two TFs and a TG. About 94% of all FFL motifs involve only the core‐ and/or top‐layer TFs. Statistically over‐represented FFL patterns are indicated by a green arrow, P<1.6 × 10−3. The percentages do not add up to 100, as a small fraction of genes are regulated by the ten unclassified TFs not included in the study. (D) Percentages of TFs that are essential in each of the three layers of the hierarchy. (E) Distribution of TF conservation levels (presence/absence of orthologs) across 15 fungal genomes in each of the three layers of the hierarchy. (F) Distribution of number of gene ontology (GO) biological processes a TF is associated with. Raja Jothi et al. Mol Syst Biol 2009;5:294 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend