Global Health Exchange Conference, Dublin – 6 November 2018

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Presentation transcript:

Global Health Exchange Conference, Dublin – 6 November 2018 International financing for resilience: Impact bonds and innovative health financing structures. Global Health Exchange Conference, Dublin – 6 November 2018 Lorcan Clarke, London School of Economics and Political Science

17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Common purpose via SDGs: Goals, targets, and indicators Source: Clarke and Le Masson (2017)

SDG Financing Low income countries SDG investment requirements: ~ US$350bn/year (2015 estimate) ~ 40% private investment . Debt risks. Options: Less ambition. More effective development outcomes. More ODA (official development assistance) with better distribution to LICs. WHO estimates on SDG 3 (2017): LMICs require additional US$274–$371bn/year of spending. Ratio of GNI to external government debt Year Source: Schimdt-Traub (2015), Plant (2018), Stenberg et al (2017)

Financing for Resilience: Costs Clear, Funding Less So Source: Clarke and Le Masson (2017)

Innovative Finance Instruments for Global Health (2002-2015) Advance Market Commitments Pilot for Pneumococcal Disease (AMC) Vaccines to prevent pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis (GAVI) Affordable Medicines Facility for Malaria (AMFm) ACTs for malaria (the Global Fund) Airline Solidarity Levy HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (UNITAID, Global Fund) Children's Investment Fund Foundation Improving the lives of children living in poverty Debt2Health HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (World Bank, Global Fund) GAVI Matching Fund Vaccines for preventable diseases (GAVI) International Finance Facility for Immunisation (IFFIm) Japan International Cooperation Agency ODA Loan Conversion Program for Polio (ODA Loan Conversion) Vaccines to prevent polio (JICA, Gates Foundation) PRODUCT(RED) World Bank Investment Partnership for Polio International Development Assistance Buy-Back Program (IDA Buy-Back) Vaccines to prevent polio (World Bank, Global Polio Eradication Initiative) Source: Atun et al (2015)

Financing for Response United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund. Ireland: US$9.5m (9th in 2018). WHO Contingency Fund for Emergencies. Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (World Bank Group) Cash Window. Insurance Window (Pandemic Bond). Sources: UN CERF (2018)

Development Impact Bonds

Development Impact Bonds for Health Outcomes Name Duration (Months) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Utkrisht Impact Bond 36 India Humanitarian Impact Bond 60 Mali, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo Cameroon Cataract Bond Cameroon Countries Population (Minimum) Upfront Investments US$, 2017 PPP 5 321,000 $25.2m Source: Clarke and Chalkidou (Forthcoming)

Final Thoughts Thanks for listening! Email: l.clarke3@lse.ac.uk Twitter: @lorcan_clarke

References Atun, R., Silva, S. and Knaul, F. M. (2017) Innovative financing instruments for global health 2002–15: a systematic analysis. The Lancet Global Health. Clarke, L. and Chalkidou, K. (Forthcoming) Development impact bonds targeting health and wellbeing: A comparative overview. Working Paper. Center for Global Development. Clarke, L. and Le Masson, V. (2017) Shocks, stresses and universal health coverage: pathways to address resilience and health. Working Paper 526. Overseas Development Institute. Schmidt-Traub, G. (2015) ‘Investment Needs to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals Understanding the Billions and Trillions’, SDSN Working Paper. Stenberg, K. et al. (2017) Financing transformative health systems towards achievement of the health Sustainable Development Goals: a model for projected resource needs in 67 low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Global Health. Plant, M. (2018) SDG Arithmetic. Available at: https://www.cgdev.org/blog/sdg-arithmetic. United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund (2018) Our Donors - Contributions. Available at: https://cerf.un.org/our-donors/contributions.