03/05/2019 Fit and Healthy

Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory Body systems 03/05/2019 The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: takes in _____ The ___________ SYSTEM: transports oxygen and glucose around the body The SKELETAL and MUSCULAR systems: use the _____ from glucose to allow ________ The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: takes in ________ Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory

Balanced diet 03/05/2019 A balanced diet should contain fats, proteins and carbohydrates in roughly these amounts: It should also contain water, vitamins, minerals and fibre.

Poor diets 03/05/2019 If we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a “deficiency symptom”: Lack of… Causes… Vitamin D Protein Vitamin C Vitamin A Iron Calcium Anaemia Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints) Weak bones and teeth Wasting of body tissue Rickets Poor night vision

Muscles and the skeleton 03/05/2019 Muscles are said to work in “antagonistic pairs”. This is because they oppose each other’s movement: The skeleton does 3 jobs: It gives the body SHAPE It allows the body to MOVE It PROTECTS the major organs

Joints An “immovable” joint “Hinge” joints A “ball and socket” joint 03/05/2019 “Hinge” joints An “immovable” joint A “slightly” movable joint” A “ball and socket” joint

A typical joint – the knee 03/05/2019 Ligaments – hold the joint together Synovial fluid – an oily substance that reduces friction Cartilage – stops the bones from rubbing against each other

The Respiratory System 03/05/2019 Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing Bronchi Bronchioles Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs Ribs – to protect the chest Lung Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas exchange takes place here Diaphragm – muscular sheet

Gas exchange Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because… 03/05/2019 Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because… They have a LARGE surface area They have a good blood supply They are moist

Smoking Cigarettes contain 3 harmful things: 03/05/2019 Cigarettes contain 3 harmful things: NICOTINE, which is an ___________ drug that raises the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes ____ _____ _____. This leads to heart _________. TAR, which coats the lining of the _______ making them less able to take in oxygen. It also contains carcinogens which cause ______________. CARBON MONOXIDE, which is a _______ ____ which joins up with ____ blood cells making them incapable of transporting _____________ around the body. Words – high blood pressure, oxygen, red, addictive, disease, poisonous gas, lungs, cancer

Damaging the alveoli (emphysema) 03/05/2019 Before smoking After smoking – less surface area

The effect of drugs Brain damage Personality change Liver damage 03/05/2019 Brain damage Personality change Liver damage Alcohol Solvents Hallucinations Bad judgement Addiction Organ damage