GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE RISKS AND DTM: WHAT SHOULD DTM ENUMERATORS KNOW? COUNTRY/LOCATION DATES Background: GBViE, Call to Action, IOM supported since 2014 to mainstream GBV in several sectors of assistance, including CCCM, shelter and DTM. Objective: Doing better a protection women and girls in emergencies. Global cooperation with the GBV AoR.

Part 1 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Learning objectives Be able to differentiate between Sex and Gender Define GBV Identify forms of GBV, root causes, contributing factors and consequences of GBV Understand how emergencies can exacerbate GBV risks GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Activity Divide into 2 groups In a flip chart Group one: Identify personality traits, attributes, and roles that are often associated with women. Group two: Identify personality traits, attributes, and roles that are often associated with men GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Sex vs. Gender Sex Gender Physical/ biological differences between females and males Social differences between males and females Determined by biology Determined by social factors – history, culture, tradition, societal norms, religion Does not change (without surgical intervention) Involves the socialization for boys and girls, and men and women and can change over time. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

“GBV = rape, right?” Rape is a form of GBV but so are: • Sexual violence that does not end up in rape Domestic violence/Intimate Partner Violence • Harmful traditional practices • Forced/early/child marriage • Denial of resources or opportunities • Sexual harassment • Sexual exploitation • Sex-selective abortion • Some forms of trafficking • etc…. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Gender-based Violence (GBV) is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will and that is based on socially ascribed (i.e. gender) differences between males and females. It includes acts that inflict physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and other deprivations of liberty. These acts can occur in public or in private. Further información: ALNAP Protección Guide GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Understanding GBV- Exercise In small groups, identify: Root causes for GBV Specific risk factors for GBV in your context? - What increases the likelihood of GBV occurring? Consequences of different forms of GBV? - Physical, social, economic, psychological? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Root causes and contributing factors Consequences of GBV Forms of GBV Root causes and contributing factors GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Root causes and contributing factors of GBV GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Consequences of GBV GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Why does GBV occur in emergencies? Pre-existing - exists independent of, or prior to emergency or conflict Emergency-related - specific to/resulting from the disaster or conflict Humanitarian-related - caused directly or indirectly by humanitarian environment GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

How is GBV exacerbated in emergencies? New threats/forms of GBV related to conflict Lack of privacy; overcrowding; lack of safe access to basic needs Design of humanitarian aid heightens or introduces new GBV risks Separation from family members; lack of documentation; registration discrimination Breakdown of protective social mechanisms and norms regulating behaviour Increased vulnerability and dependence; exploitation Introduction of new power dynamics, as with humanitarian actors GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Can GBV happen to men and boys? Gendered vulnerabilities can put ANYONE - men, women, boys and girls - at heightened risk for violence but not all violence is gender-based. In those cases where men and boys are exposed to GBV humanitarians must ensure care and support for all survivors. The contexts, causes, and consequences of violence against women and girls/men and boys are different. Risk analyses that take gender into account are critical to inform programming. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Summary of GBV – Part 1 GBV is rooted in gender and power inequalities that exist outside of conflict or disaster but that can be exacerbated by it. Additionally, there are particular ways that GBV can manifest in an emergency context. Always assume that GBV is occurring. Obtaining prevalence data or “evidence” is NOT advisable and NOT our role in an emergency. Because of under-reporting and the risks associated with obtaining data, the priority is to establish prevention, mitigation and response measures as soon as possible. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Part 2 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Learning objectives Understand the role of non-GBV specialists in GBV prevention, mitigation and response Learn how to mainstream GBV in the DTM Become familiar with GBV related indicators and their definitions Know how to safely and ethically respond to a GBV disclosure and become familiar with the referral mechanisms GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Roles and responsibilities towards GBV SPECIALIZED PROGRAMMING: specialists Direct service delivery Case management GBV specialized psychosocial support Clinical care Legal support Economic reintegration GBV “MAINSTREAMING” all actors Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV Reduce existing risks Understand and link to referral mechanisms for GBV survivors Applying core minimum standards into agency activities How to mainstream GBV in the DTM? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

What a DTM enumerator should do to mainstream GBV Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV. Identifying risk factors and trends (through indicators provided). Inform yourself about services available and on what you should you come across a GBV survivor, know the referral mechanisms in place and comply with standards set in guidelines. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

1/ Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV IOM Standards of Conduct Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) by aid workers Do no harm GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

2/ Identifying risk factors and trends through the indicators provided Before starting: methodologies Choice of key informants Focus group discussions Importance of gender-balanced teams Importance of choosing the place and the time for DTM assessments GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

The importance of SADD Sex and Age Disaggregated Data (SADD) are important for all responders, including GBV actors Why collecting SADD? What can SADD tell us? Why SADD are important for humanitarian actors including GBV specialists? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Indicators and definitions The cards’ game Divide into 4 groups Match the term/word with the correct definition GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Indicators and definitions The Site Assessment form With your neighbour: Go through the site assessment form Identify all the indicators in the form that could help specialized actors to identify risks of GBV Debriefing will take place in plenary For registration or FM, why there is no category for survivors of GBV? Remember, we should never look for individual cases, the DTM collects information about trends, risks and gaps. As non-specialized actors and without specific adapted methodologies, we should not be looking for # of GBV survivors. Should a GBV survivor disclose an incident during a registration process, he or she may be registered under the category «special protection needs». GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

3/ Responding to a GBV disclosure as a non-GBV specialist DTM enumerators should not look for individual incidents or number of GBV cases However, in some cases it may happen that a GBV incident is disclosed to you Anyone the survivor tells about his/her experience has a responsibility to give honest and complete information about services available. How to respectfully and supportively engage with survivors and provide referral information in an ethical, safe and confidential manner? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

The survivor-centered approach GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

A Survivor-Centered response Key Principles: Safety, Confidentiality, Non-discrimination, Respect The survivor should tell the story once, hopefully to a specialist DO NO HARM Informed consent Access to specialized services GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

What are referrals? The processes by which a survivor gets in touch with professionals and/or institutions regarding his/her case AND The processes by which different professional sectors communicate and work together, in a safe, ethical and confidential manner, to provide the survivor with comprehensive support GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

What is a «referral pathway»? A flexible mechanism that safely links survivors to supportive and competent services Can include any or all of the following: Health, Psychosocial, Security and Protection, Legal/Justice, and/or Economic Reintegration support GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Example of referral pathways GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

In your mission/duty station: GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Part 3 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Scenario What should you do?... You are a DTM enumerator. You are visiting an IDP site. While you are there a little girl runs over to you and tells you that her mother has been attacked earlier that morning. She takes you to see the woman who seems highly distressed. What should you do?... GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Ask if the woman is hurt? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Checking if a survivor has any immediate medical needs is a first step in response. Listen to their needs: e.g. “You seem to be in a lot of pain right now, would you like to go to the health clinic? We can continue talking afterwards.” GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Ask for details of what happened? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services. Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Ask who is responsible for attacking her? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services. Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Ask survivor for details of when and where it happened. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services. Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Ask what specific help/assistance she needs. Ask if she is happy for you to contact someone to get support or help. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Trying to help a survivor access appropriate services (medical; counseling; legal) is an important step. Staff should be provided with a list of services that can be referred to in the area they are working. Communicate detailed information about the available resource/service including how to access it, relevant times and locations, focal points at the service etc.. You must ask the survivor for informed consent before contacting any service providers. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Give the person contact information for health, counseling or other relevant services. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

If the survivor is not comfortable with you contacting service providers on their behalf you can provide them with contact information of service providers that may be able to help them. DO ask if there is someone, a friend, family member, caregiver or anyone else, that they trust that they can go to for support. DO offer your phone or communication device, if you feel safe doing so, to the survivor to contact someone they trust. Do not share information about the survivor or their experience to anyone without explicit and informed consent of the survivor. Do not record details of the incident or personal identifiers of the survivor. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Don’t say anything at the time, but later call the police from somewhere private and safe. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

You should not call the police on behalf of the survivor unless they have requested that you do so and have provided informed consent. DO NOT share the details of the incident and personal identifiers of the survivor with anyone. This includes the survivor’s family members, police/security forces, community leaders, colleagues, supervisors, etc. Sharing this information can lead to more harm for the survivor. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Write the details of the case on the DTM form GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

You should NEVER write the details of an individual incident in the DTM form. DO NOT write anything down, take photos of the survivor, record the conversation on your phone or other device, or inform others including the media. WHY? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Report the incident to your manager / Protection staff member and ask for advice GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Without sharing any details you can share with your manager or with a GBV/protection specialist that you encountered a disclosure. Especially, if you require further support on the appropriate way to respond. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Do nothing if it is a domestic violence or family/community matter. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Ignoring domestic violence is not acceptable. Domestic violence is a serious offence in most countries. You should provide the same support to a survivor of domestic violence as any other human rights violation. Ignoring domestic violence is not acceptable. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Check safety: your safety, the safety of other staff members and the safety of the affected person and the community. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Before taking any action you should check that you, other staff, the survivor and the other community members are safe. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Key messages Do no harm, safety and dignity should always be central to agency responses to allegations or incidents of abuse DO NOT offer your own advice or opinion on the best course of action or what to do next. DO NOT assume you know what someone wants or needs. Some actions may put someone at further risk of stigma, retaliation, or harm. Remember that your role is to provide a listening ear and to share accurate, up-to-date information on available services and let the survivor make their own choices on what feels safe for them. Seeking services is not always safe for a survivor and could lead to more harm. Always ensure your safety, the safety of your staff and of the survivor and her/his community Agencies should have clear self-referral pathways and contact details for specialist medical, legal, psychosocial and protection services, ensuring this information is regularly updated and available to all staff. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM