1960 – TEFL/TESL – ESP English for Academic Purposes (EAP) Material, course description, research English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) English for Business Purposes (EBP)
Knowledge of situation Motivation and learning style familiarity Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) Emphasis on vocabulary
ESP’s definitions Hutchinson and Waters (1987) – “approach” rather then a “product” Any particular kind of language, teaching material, methodology “Why does this learner need to learn a foreign language?” Primary needs – Required language/learning context
Absolute characteristics (Streven, 1988) designed to meet specified needs of the learner related in content centered on language appropriate different then “GA”
Variable characteristics may be restricted as to the learning skills to be learned may not be taught according to any pre-ordained methodology
Robinson (1991) – “normally goal-directed”, need analysis What students have to do using the English language? Time-limited and taught to adults (homogenous)