Organic Compounds Carbon compounds Made by living organisms A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates

Carbon Always share electrons Four covalent bonds

Organic Hydrogen Atoms near Carbon: nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens Other carbon atoms – form chains, branches, rings, cage-like forms Millions of different carbon-based compounds have been identified

Hydrocarbons Contain only carbon and hydrogen How many are there?

FYI Cracking Break large chains of hydrocarbons Process: absence of oxygen needs a catalyst Gasoline Plastic products films synthetic fabrics

One Example

Recall Types of Covalent Bonds

Methane CH4

Saturated Hydrocarbons All single bonds

Isomers Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structures. How many ways can you arrange C4H10?

Structural Isomers of Butane C4H10

FYI Stereoisomers

FYI Chirality

Saturated Isomers Propane C2H6 Are there any isomers?

Pentane C5H12 Draw all the isomers.

Isomers of Pentane

Naming Isomers of Pentane 4 3 2 1

Shorthand Isomers

Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 4 3 2 1 1-chlorobutane

Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 4 3 2 1 2-chlorobutane

Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 4 3 2 1 4-chlorobutane

Start with Butane Replace one H with Cl and another with Br 4 3 2 1 4-bromo-1-chlorobutane

Practice: Draw and Name Start with Butane Bromine on #3 Bromine on #2 and Chlorine #3 2 bromines on #4

Practice 1-bromo-4-chloropentane 1-chloro-3-bromo-5-chloropentane Name

Polymer: repeated unit

Mono and Poly Saccharide

Lipids (store energy) Saturated and Unsaturated Fats