Effects of the French & Indian War Ch 5 Sec 3 Pt II

Essential Question How did the F&I War progress, & what were its ultimate effects?

Braddock’s Defeat & A New Strategy The commanding British General during the early days of the war was Edward Braddock His tenure was a disaster and was punctuated by his death at Ft. Duquesne The British suffered a string of defeats over the next two years It was not until 1757, w/ the election of new Prime Minister William Pitt, that the British fortunes changed Pitt was determined to win the war and in turn: Sent Britain’s best Generals to America Borrowed $ to pay more colonial troops

The War Ends By 1759, Pitt’s strategy caused the French to be beaten back to New France The decisive Battle of Quebec, a British victory, effectively ended the war

Battle of Quebec

Treaty of Paris Though both sides continued to battle in other parts of the world, the F& I War officially ended w/ the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The terms were: Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Miss. River (except New Orleans) France kept 2 islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence & its colonies in the W. Indies Britain gained FL from Spain Spain received New Orleans & all French land west of the Miss. River

The “New” British Colonies

Pontiac’s Rebellion Natives in the Ohio Valley responded to new British occupation by organizing and attacking British settlers and forts One of the chief organizers was an Ottawa leader named Pontiac By the summer of 1763, Native forces had destroyed all but 3 British forts west of the Appalachians The remaining forts were under siege The British employed a brutal tactic to break the siege at Ft. Pitt

Effects of the F&I War The British now controlled a huge empire The French had been effectively removed from N. America The Spanish “controlled” vast lands, but were only a shell of their former power In order to aid in managing the empire, Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763 This law forbade British settlers to settle west of the Appalachians This was meant to “protect” settlers and Natives from conflict Colonists were furious, b/c they felt they had won the right to settle in the Ohio Valley The British, in turn, grew angry w/ the ever increasing dissent they felt the colonials displayed for British authority