Cascadia Zone EQ: How big can our PNW earthquakes get? LT: “Obtain information” to identify “Patterns of scale, proportion, and quantity” for Cascade volcanoes and related earthquakes. SC: Conduct research using USGS records to draw conclusions about the size and timeline for PNW earthquakes and volcanoes.

What is the Cascadia Subduction Zone? Why are Washington and Oregon geologists so interested in studying the 2011 Japan quake? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6U198ULMYo

Table discussion: What does this quote mean? “The same geological processes that threaten our lives with earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions also nourish our spirits by creating the spectacular mountains, valleys, and coastlines of the Pacific Northwest.” Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument Olympic National Park

Use “Systems” thinking to “Analyze and Interpret Data” about volcano hazards. Follow this USGS link and select the “CVO” tab. Answer in your lab notebook: What is the date of the report? What is the current volcano alert level? What are some recent observations made? How often are they monitoring the Cascade volcanoes? https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/updates.html

How can we analyze & interpret data to support the claim, “The Pacific Northwest is a geological hotspot?” We will be conducting an investigation using resources provided by your teacher. The next slides match the questions on your worksheet. FOLLOW THEM IN ORDER! DO NOT SKIP AROUND…

Q1:What type of tectonic plate boundary do we have Q1:What type of tectonic plate boundary do we have? Q2: For such a tiny plate, why is Juan De Fuca so special?

Q3: According to scientists, how did the cascade volcanoes form? Watch this animation to answer question 3

Robert J. Lillie Bernard Garcia Look at this model to identify the mountain range formed as a result of the Juan De Fuca plate “Subducting” under the North American Plate. Find it on your Pacific Coast map. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

Can Earthquakes trigger volcanoes or can volcanoes trigger earthquakes? This is a very common question… What do you think? Discuss with your table partner…

COMPLETE MIDDLE CHECK HOW ARE YOU FEELING ABOUT YOUR SUCCESS CRITERIA? HOW IS YOUR TABLE PARTNER DOING? RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS.

The red dotted line represents the start of our historic record of volcano eruptions. Scientists use “Core” samples to look for patterns in deposits of volcanic rocks and ash to determine eruptions prior to 200 years ago. Q4: Based on this graphic, which Washington/Oregon volcano(s) besides Mt. St. Helens would you predict would be most likely to erupt next? Which would be least likely to erupt next? Explain your reasoning.

Go to The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network Go to The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. Search for connections between volcanoes and earthquakes On the left side of each volcano’s web page is a link for “Latest Earthquakes” located near the volcano. When magma moves under a volcano, it generates small earthquakes. This means the number of earthquakes under a volcano can be used to predict the likelihood of an eruption in the near future. For example… In the months before the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens there were 100s of small earthquakes underneath the volcano.

PREPARING FOR RESEARCH You will get to choose what volcanoes to research. For each volcano you must record the following: (Click on “Description” and record notes then click on “Seismicity” and record notes). The last time it erupted How often it erupts/What is its pattern? What “Threat level” it is at currently Important notes that make it special Do you think scientists are really watching this volcano closely?

Stay on the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network Use the IF/THEN Chart to conduct volcano research for 2 volcanoes +Mt. Rainier (Write your data in your notebook) IF YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT… THEN RESEARCH… The second highest mountain in the USA Mount Adams The second most “Thermally Active” volcano in the USA Mount Baker The “Deepest Lake” in the USA and famous for its blue water Crater Lake The most isolated volcano of the major cascade volcanoes Glacier Peak Volcanoes that are right next to each other Three Sisters The most recent volcano that has erupted Mount St. Helens A VERY popular mountain for recreation and snow sports Mount Hood

Analyze the volcano data to interpret and answer: Q5: Based on the most recent earthquakes of the cascade volcanoes, predict which volcano other than Mt. St. Helens will erupt next? Q6: Over the last year, how do the number of earthquakes at your predicted volcano compare to the number of earthquakes at Mt. St. Helens? Does this change your prediction? Why/why not?

Q7: Use the given volcano map for the PNW to locate the closest volcano to us… Q8: According to the data record on it’s webpage at the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, how often does it erupt? Q9: What is special about the last time it erupted? Q10: Why is this volcano’s eruption associated with flooding?

Mount Rainier: Although considered an “Active Volcano,” our beautiful mountain has not erupted since 1894. What does it mean to be called an “Active” volcano? Large mudflows called “Lahars” can occur without warning, even without a large eruption. What is a “Lahar” mudflow?

Who is in Danger if Mount Rainier Erupts? Look at the “Volcano Debris” (Paper Map 4) to identify the path of Mount Rainier’s “Lahar zone” and “Flooding zone.” Q10: Why do you think Mount Rainier’s eruptions are associated with flooding? Follow the link to view glaciers on Mount Rainier Mount Rainier Glacier Map link Q11: What would cause flooding from a nearby volcanic eruption?

Choose your Media and answer Questions 12-13 IF YOU WANT TO WATCH A VIDEO, Then use this link The Cascade Mountains & Mount St. Helens IF YOU WANT TO READ AN ARTICLE, Then use this link Which US Volcanoes Pose A Threat? USGS Q12: Should the people of the Pacific Northwest be required to prepare for geological disasters? Why/Why not? Q13: How are volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis evidence for slow and large scale motion of the Earth’s Plates?

Revised Thoughts What was surprising? What did you already know but see in a new way? What do you still need help with? OR What new questions do you have?