Intro to Geography: Terms/Ideas We will refer to these concepts throughout the course… if you are confused ask a question

What is Geography? The study of the Earth's surface and its various climates, countries, peoples, and natural resources. Two types of geography: Human Geography Physical Geography

Deforestation : Amazon Human Geography Looks at the relationships between the physical environment and the activities of humans Iron Mines Deforestation : Amazon 2000 2010

Human Geography Continued… Las Vegas 1984 2007

Physical Geography Looks at the physical features of the Earth What are some examples of physical features?

Mountains in Vancouver B.C.

5 Themes of Geography 1.Location Specific location- gives an exact position A Street Address or map coordinates Relative (general) location- where something is, in relation to somewhere or something else By time (10 min. away) or location Who can use the H.S. as an example? 2. Place A description of what the place is like, rather than where it is.

5 Themes Continued 3. Human/Environmental Interaction- The relationship between people and their environment, or how they work together People adapt to the environment (list examples) People change landscapes/environments (examples) People depend on the environment (list examples) Changing landscapes

5 Themes Continued Culture- characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, food, social habits, music and arts 4. Cultural Diffusion- the spread of culture (people, goods, languages) What promotes diffusion? Human interaction

5 Themes Continued 5. Regions- Regions are areas that can be grouped together by a set of similarities special to that region. areas speaking the same language, or having the same religion, physical characteristics

What is a cartographer? A person who makes maps.

How Latitude and Longitude Form the Global Grid Latitude- a point north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels. Think of Climbing a ladder. Longitude- a point east or west of the Prime Meridian. Lines of longitude are often referred to as meridians.

The Final Result

Types of Maps Thematic Maps- Maps that show a specific set of information for a particular region, or even the world. ex. Religion, politics, etc.

Types of Maps Physical Maps- Maps that show the physical features for a region. Mountains, rivers, lakes, etc,

Population Rates Birth Rate: the number of (live) births in a specified area during a defined period for the total population. Childbirths per 1,000 people per year How do they find the #? Basic math- # of live births  total population and multiply by 1,000. In 2011, there were 3,345 live births with a population of 275,019. (3,345/275,019)*1,000= 12.16 births per 1,000 people

Population Rates Death Rate- total number of deaths in a population Same calculation as birth rate. (per 1,000) # of Deaths total population and multiply by 1,000. Infant Mortality Rate- The total number of infants’ (children below 1 year) deaths per 1000 live births.

Education Around The World Literacy- Ability to read and write Literacy Rate- Rate of the population who can read and write. What factors determine people’s ability (or lack there of) to learn around the World? Nation Total Lit Male Female Rate The Gambia 40% 48% 33% Senegal 39% 51% 29% Somalia 38% 50% 26% Sierra Leone 35% 47% 24% Benin 35% 48% 23% Guinea 30% 43% 18%

1st,2nd,3rd World Countries 1st World- Developed, capitalist, industrialized countries. Mostly western countries (U.S., Western Europe, Japan etc.). These countries are highly developed in terms of industry.

1st,2nd,3rd World Countries 2nd World- Refers to the former communist-socialist, industrial states. Falls in between 1st and second world countries.

1st,2nd,3rd World Countries 3rd World- Underdeveloped. Identifies countries with high infant mortality, low economic development, high levels of poverty, don’t use natural resources very well, heavy dependence on industrialized nations, and unstable governments, high rates of population growth, illiteracy, and disease.

Make the key to the map. Red – Blue- Green-

Gross Domestic Product GDP-Measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given period of time Per Capita- per person