Chapter 14 Section 1: The Search for Spices The Age of Exploration Chapter 14 Section 1: The Search for Spices

Why Sail? As Europe’s population began to grow again, they became driven to return to the quality of life they had before the plague killed off large population centers. They craved luxury goods that they had traded for from Asia. The primary items in demand were spices: Used to make food taste better Used to preserve food Used to make medicine Used to make perfumes

Ships such as these played an important role in the spice trade. 16th Century Caravels Ships such as these played an important role in the spice trade.

Gardener harvesting herbs, 1477

An early European herb garden.

Ginger, 1492

Cloves, 1487

Where Can I get my Fix? The primary source of spices was the Moluccas: An island chain in present-day Indonesia AKA the Spice Islands In the 1400’s most of the trade routes were controlled by Arab and Italian merchants. Other Europeans became driven to find their own direct routes to Asia for more profit from trading. Many also were growing in curiosity of what was beyond their own borders.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Where was He From? Prince Henry was responsible for cementing one mighty nation’s place in history of world exploration. He was from the mighty nation of…… He wanted to target one primary area….Africa

Why Africa? There are several reasons why Portugal turned to Africa: Religious converts. Save them from Islam or their crazy tribal religions. We could discover what made the Muslims rich! Help find an easier route to Asia.

Lets focus on #3 In the city of Sargres, Henry started gathering scientists and cartographers: Map makers This area became known as Prince Henry’s School of Navigation. At his school they did the following: Redesigned ships Created Maps Trained Ship Crews

Much Progress Much Progress was made by the individuals at Henry’s school. To further their knowledge, they began exploring the western coast of Africa. This map shows how far they made it. Unfortunately, Henry died in 1460, and he did not live to see if his schooling was successful.

Success in Henry’s Name Bartholomeu Dias Rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488

Seeking India

One Man was Successful Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama (a Portuguese explorer) followed in the steps of Bartholomeu Dias. Da Gama and his crews rounded the Cape of Good Hope but had the drive to go farther. The goal was to discover a sea route to India It took da Gama and his crews 10 months to reach the port of Calicut, which was one of the greatest spice ports in the world.

Tragedy Strikes On the voyage home the Portuguese lost half of their ships (2 of 4) and many of their sailors died of scurvy. Scurvy is very scary…as we will notice on the next few slides. The upside is that da Gama made a boatload of money which was used to outfit a new fleet. Da Gama’s explorations were critical to cementing Portugal’s place as a global superpower.

The Effects of Scurvy

Do You Have Scurvy?

The Solution #2

One Last Bad Scurvy Joke http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH75EGFeHZI One Last Bad Scurvy Joke

Columbus and His Voyage Famous for taking a wrong turn?

Da Gama’s Influence The success of Vasco da Gama spurred others to look for a sea route to Asia. A man by the name of Christopher Columbus An Italian navigator from Genoa wanted to reach and explore the East Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic

Um….What about the Americas? Columbus knew that the earth was a sphere. He just didn’t know that there were two continents in his way. He believed heading west would bring him directly to Asia However, he underestimated the worlds size.

Reaching Far Away Lands Columbus originally went to the king of Portugal, but he got shot down. He eventually garnered support from King Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. They hoped that he could help increase their global authority.

The Journey Begins On August 3, 1492 Columbus set sail with 3 ships. Nina Pinta Santa Maria He spent much time on the water with his crew with no findings. As the crew grew anxious, and food/water ran low, Columbus and his crew spotted land on October 12, 1492.

Dividing the Globe In 1943 Ferdinand and Isabella went to the pope (from Spain), to find ways to cement their dominance. The pope established the Line of Demarcation This divided the Non-European world into two zones: Spanish Territories and Portugese Territories The goal was to cement Spanish control over the “New World”

How was the Line Established? The Line of Demarcation was established in the Treaty of Tordesillas. The problem was that the line was imprecise because they had no specific method of measuring geography. This also began to anger other European nations because they Spain and Portugal were showing true arrogance, as they were not the only European nations.

The Naming of the West Another prominent Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, wrote a journal describing his voyage to Brazil. Eventually, a German cartographer named Marten Waldseemuller, used Vespucci’s descriptions to create a map of the region which he named “America” The Caribbean Islands become known as the East Indies.

What Comes Next? Explorations of Africa and the Slave Trade Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Explorations of Africa and the Slave Trade South and Southeast Asia East Asia Conquests in America Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in America. French and English Colonies Atlantic Slave Trade (Triangle Trade) The Colombian Exchange