World History: Unit 3, Chapter 9, Section 4 Reforms, Revolution, and War, 1800-1900: Expansion and war in the united states

Main Idea As the United States began to expand west, conflicts erupted over territory and slavery

Question Column How did the U.S. expand during the first half of the 1800s? What issues led to civil war in the U.S.?

Growth of the United States 1803: Louisiana Purchase doubled the U.S. War of 1812: Britain was seizing U.S. sailors, inciting Indians against settlers In 1820s President Monroe declared the Americas off limits to European colonization-”Monroe Doctrine” 1846-1848: Mexican-American War over Texas

Effects on Native Americans 1830: Indian Removal Act-relocated five Indian Nations to Indian Territory (Great Plains); Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek Known as “Trail of Tears”: 25% of Cherokees died who made the trip As Americans moved further west, laws moved Native Americans onto reservations

Causes and Effects of Western Expansion Unites States acquires new territories Desire for land and opportunity Discovery of gold in California Millions of people move to new territories Native Americans are forcibly relocated Population of California explodes

The Civil War Slavery became a big problem as settlers moved west 1854: Kansas-Nebraska Act-new territories decided on slavery for themselves South Carolina seceded after Lincoln’s election Emancipation Proclamation freed a southern slaves in 1863 July, 1863: Gettysburg was turning point for the Union 1865: Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA Civil rights amendments set the tone for the continued movement in the 1900s

Causes and Effects of the Civil War Conflicts over slavery and states’ rights Lincoln’s election as president The secession of southern states The attack on Fort Sumter The end of slavery More that 500,000 dead The South left in ruins A reunited nation