Table of Contents Chapter 37 Insects Chapter 37 Section 1 The Insect World Section 2 Insect Behavior Table of Contents

Objectives Chapter 37 Section 1 The Insect World Relate the major characteristics of insects to insects’ biological success. List both harmful and beneficial effects of insects on human society. Describe the external structure and organ systems of a grasshopper. Compare incomplete and complete metamorphosis in insects. Describe defensive adaptations in insects. Objectives

Characteristics and Classification of Insects Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The insect body is divided into three tagmata: The _________ has mandibles and one pair of unbranched antennae. The __________ has three pairs of jointed legs and, in many species, one or two pairs of wings. The _______________ has 9 to 11 segments but neither wings nor legs in adults. Characteristics and Classification of Insects

Exploration of an Insect Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Exploration of an Insect

Comparison of Crustaceans and Insects Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Comparison of Crustaceans and Insects

Characteristics and Classification of Insects Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The study of insects and other terrestrial arthropods is called _______________, and the scientists who engage in it are known as entomologists. Entomologists classify insects into more than ___ orders based on characteristics such as: structure of mouthparts number of wings type of development Characteristics and Classification of Insects

Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insect Diversity

Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Common Insect Orders

Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The Success of Insects Insects live in almost every terrestrial and freshwater environment. Factors responsible for their success include: __________________ Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued

Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insects and People Insects negatively affect humans by: ___________________ destroying buildings and other manufactured products Insects benefit humans by: _________________________________ recycling nutrients in ecosystems Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued

The Grasshopper Chapter 37 External Structure Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 External Structure The body of a grasshopper has three tagmata: The head bears the mouthparts, a pair of unbranched antennae, and pairs of simple and compound eyes. The thorax is composed of the _____________, the ______________, and the _______________. The abdomen has upper and lower plates. The rigid exoskeleton and its waxy cuticle covering are adaptations for a terrestrial life. The Grasshopper

External Anatomy of a Grasshopper Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 External Anatomy of a Grasshopper

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Feeding and Digestion Insect mouthparts are adapted for different functions in different species. Grasshoppers feed on plants, and their mouthparts are modified for cutting and chewing leaves and blades of grass. The _________ and __________ are mouthparts that function like upper and lower lips, respectively. The Grasshopper, continued

Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insect Mouthparts

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Circulation, Respiration, and Excretion Insects have an open circulatory system that transports nutrients through the body. Gas exchange occurs by means of air-filled _______________ that reach deep into the body. Malpighian tubules remove cellular wastes from the hemolymph while conserving water. The Grasshopper, continued

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Neural Control The grasshopper’s central nervous system consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord with ganglia located in each body segment. Nerves extend from the brain to sensory structures. Insect sensory structures include : simple and compound eyes sensory hairs on antennae and other body parts in some species, a sound-sensing tympanum The Grasshopper, continued

Internal Anatomy of a Grasshopper Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Internal Anatomy of a Grasshopper

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Reproduction Grasshoppers have separate sexes, as do all insects. During mating, the male deposits sperm into the female’s seminal receptacle, where the eggs are fertilized internally. The last segment of the female’s abdomen forms the _______________, which she uses to lay fertilized eggs. The Grasshopper, continued

Insect Development Chapter 37 Most insects go through metamorphosis. Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Most insects go through metamorphosis. In _____________________________, a nymph hatches from an egg and resembles the adult but has undeveloped reproductive organs and no wings. The nymph molts several times to become an adult. In __________________________, a wormlike larva called a caterpillar hatches from an egg and molts several times before becoming a pupa. The pupa molts to produce the adult, which resembles neither the larva nor the pupa. Insect Development

Incomplete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Incomplete Metamorphosis

Complete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Complete Metamorphosis

Incomplete Versus Complete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Incomplete Versus Complete Metamorphosis

Insect Development, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Importance of Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis allows larvae and adults of the same species to avoid competing for space and food. Metamorphosis also allows insects to survive periods of harsh weather or scant resources. Insect Development, continued

Life Cycle of a Monarch Butterfly Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Life Cycle of a Monarch Butterfly

Insect Defense Chapter 37 Insects may defend themselves by: Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insects may defend themselves by: _______________ using _________________ releasing noxious chemicals Insects that are dangerous or taste bad often have warning coloration that makes them recognizable to predators. The warning coloration of a dangerous species may be mimicked by harmless species. Insect Defense

Digestive Tract of a Bee Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Digestive Tract of a Bee

Tracheal System of a Beetle Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Tracheal System of a Beetle

Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Identify three ways that insects communicate, and give an example of each. Describe the social organization of honeybees. Explain how honeybees communicate information about the location of food. Objectives

Communication Chapter 37 Insects communicate by behaviors such as: Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Insects communicate by behaviors such as: releasing __________________________ producing sounds producing flashes of light Communication

Behavior in Honey Bees Chapter 37 Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Social insects live in complex groups or colonies. The division of labor among social insects creates interdependence and a need for communication. The social behavior of these insects is genetically determined behavior, or __________________. Honeybee colonies consist mostly of female ____________________. They perform all duties but they do not produce their own offspring. Reproduction in each colony is the exclusive function of one queen bee and a few hundred male drones. Behavior in Honey Bees

Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Worker bees perform many functions during their lifetime, which lasts about six weeks. At one stage, worker bees are called nurse bees and secrete ________________, which they feed to the queen and youngest larvae. The queen bee develops when selected larvae are fed a continuous diet of royal jelly. As a new queen matures, she secretes _____________________, which prevents other female larvae from developing into queens. Behavior in Honey Bees, continued

Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 The Dances of the Bees Honeybees communicate the direction and distance to food sources by performing dances inside the hive. Honeybees use two types of dances: The _________________indicates that a food source is nearby. The ____________________indicates the direction of food and the food’s distance from the hive. Behavior in Honey Bees, continued

Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Altruistic Behavior In defending the colony, worker bees show ______________________toward their close relatives in the colony. By working for the colony, the worker bees increase the propagation of their own genes. Behavior in Honey Bees, continued

Multiple Choice Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep The illustration below shows the life cycle of a butterfly. Use the illustration to answer the questions that follow. Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep The diagram below shows the external structure of a grasshopper. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow. Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules Multiple Choice, continued

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules Multiple Choice, continued

Short Response Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each. Short Response

Short Response, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each. Answer: Passive defenses don’t involve behavior. Examples include camouflage, warning coloration, being poisonous, or tasting bad. Aggressive defenses involve aggressive behavior, such as stinging a potential predator or spraying it with a noxious chemical. Short Response, continued

Extended Response Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below. Farmers often try to limit the number of insects on crops by applying chemical insecticides to the crops. Sometimes, an insecticide that had previously been effective no longer affects certain types of insects. Part A Why do farmers try to control insects? Part B How can the effect of insecticides on certain insect populations change? Extended Response

Extended Response, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Answer Part A Insects can cause extensive crop damage. Part B Insecticides may control pest populations at first. However, insects with genes that confer pesticide resistance may survive and reproduce in large numbers while non- resistant insects die off. The result is an insect population that has evolved resistance to the insecticide. Extended Response, continued