P. Kang, Y. Yao, J. Yang, B. Shen, Z. Zhou, F. Pei

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An animal model of Kashin–Beck disease induced by a low-nutrition diet and exposure to T-2 toxin P. Kang, Y. Yao, J. Yang, B. Shen, Z. Zhou, F. Pei Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 21, Issue 8, Pages 1108-1115 (August 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.005 Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Radiological changes to the proximal epiphyseal plates and the metaphyseal area were most commonly observed in group D (d, red arrows) compared with group A (a, red arrows), group B (b, red arrows) and group C (c, red arrows) had radiological changes in both bone density and epiphyseal plates at 12 weeks. Abnormal radiological signs included blurring, thinning, irregularity with and without sclerosis, interruption, and a depression in or destruction of the epiphyseal plate and the proximal metaphyseal area of the tibia. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 1108-1115DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.005) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Radiological measurement of proximal diameter of the epiphyseal plate and tibia length. The average proximal diameter at the epiphyseal plate did not significantly differ among the groups at 12 weeks in the study (P > 0.05), compared with group A, the 95% CI of groups B, C, and D were (0.0378, 0.0692), (0.0536, 0.1044) and (−0.0002, 0.0302) respectively. But there was a significantly difference between groups A and B, compared with groups C and D, in tibia length (P = 0.013 and 0.037), 95% CI were (3.7439, 5.1581) and (5.2550, 7.2070) respectively. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 1108-1115DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.005) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Histological examination of the tibial epiphyseal plate at week 12 (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 20×). (a) In group A, cell columns were arranged regularly, the nuclei were clear, and the cytoplasm was transparent. (b) In group B, cell columns were disordered, condensed nuclei with pyknosis and lysis can be seen in the mast cell layer, and cells appear to have vacuole changes. There was some LN in the hypertrophic zone. (c) In group C, cell columns were disordered and sparse, there is a patchy cell-free zone, and LN can be seen in the hypertrophic zone. (d) In group D, there is obvious chondrocyte necrosis, normal chondrocyte morphology has disappeared, and the chondrocytes are fused with the extracellular matrix. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 1108-1115DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.005) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Histological examination of the tibial metaphysis at week 12 (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 20×). (a) In group A, the tibial metaphysis was full of regular trabecular bone in a longitudinal arrangement. (b) In group B, some trabecular bone was sparse and interrupted, but most of it was normal. (c) In group C, primary trabecular bone was obviously sparse and interrupted. Transverse trabecular bone was present in the metaphysis in some rats. (d) In group D, trabecular bone was obviously interrupted, and the inferior part of the growth plate was sealed by massive transverse trabecular bone in the metaphysis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 1108-1115DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.005) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 OARSI cartilage histopathology assessment system score for the osteochondral tissue samples. A score of 0 represents normal cartilage, whereas a score of 24 represents a severely degenerated joint surface. Groups C and D had significantly more degeneration than groups A and B. An asterisk indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05); compared with group A, the 95% CI of groups B, C, and D are (−0.6531, 0.1198), (−2.3298, −1.6369) and (−2.5348, −1.8852); compared with group C, the 95% CI of groups A, B, D are (1.6369, 2.3298), (1.3032, 2.1301) and (−0.5846, 0.1313). Vertical lines atop each bar indicate the standard deviation. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2013 21, 1108-1115DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.005) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions