JACKSON DISCUSSION

1. Who were the “five civilized tribes”? Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, Chickasaw “civilized” because they had begun to adopt white culture

2. What did the Indian Removal Act call for, and why did Jackson support it? Government provided money to negotiate treaties to force Native Americans to move west. Why Jackson supported it - Planters and miners wanted the land Thought assimilation wouldn’t work Would need too many troops to keep whites off their land

3. What did the court decide in Worcester v. Georgia? Cherokee won recognition as a distinct political community Ruled that Georgia was not entitle to regulate the Cherokee, couldn’t invade their lands

4. What was Jackson’s response to the ruling?

5. Why is this forced removal referred to as the Trail of Tears? Thousands of Native Americans died on the forced 800 mile trip Winter, not enough food, their money and livestock were stolen Forced onto inferior land in the west

Democratic-Republican Party Early political party Became today’s Democratic Party Party of the common man

Spoils system Policy that was very much supported by Jackson Fire government workers and replace them with people who are loyal to you and your party Jackson fired 10% of federal employees

NULLIFICATION CONFLICT Key Players: JOHN C. CALHOUN (SOUTH CAROLINA) - JACKSON’S VICE PRESIDENT HENRY CLAY (KENTUCKY) ANDREW JACKSON WEBSTER-HAYNE (DEBATE THE ISSUE IN CONGRESS)

NULLIFICATION CONFLICT KEY EVENTS: TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS PASSED CALHOUN DEVELOPED NULLIFICATION THEORY WEBSTER-HAYNE DEBATE CONGRESS PASSED TARIFF OF 1832 (LOWER) SC DECLARED BOTH TARIFFS NULL AND VOID CONGRESS PASSED FORCE BILL – COULD USE ARMY TO FORCE PAYMENT CLAY WORKED OUT COMPROMISE

NULLIFICATION CONFLICT CAUSES: STATES’ RIGHTS = HEART OF THE CRISIS ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH TARIFF VIEWED AS HELPING THE NORTH AND HURTING THE SOUTH (PROTECTED NORTHERN INDUSTRIES, INCREASED PRICE OF GOODS IN THE SOUTH) JACKSON BELIEVED THE UNION WAS MORE IMPORTANT THAN STATES’ RIGHTS

NULLIFICATION CONFLICT RESULTS: CLAY’S COMPROMISE GRADUALLY LOWERED THE TARIFF OVER 10 YEARS THIS CONTROLLED THE CRISIS

BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT KEY PLAYERS: JACKSON BIDDLE (BANK PRESIDENT) CLAY/WEBSTER – MAKE THE BANK A POLITICAL ISSUE, BRING IT UP FOR RECHARTER 4 YEARS EARLY

BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT KEY EVENTS: CLAY AND WEBSTER INTRODUCE BANK RECHARTER (4 YEARS EARLY) JACKSON VETOES IT TAKES U.S. MONEY OUT AND PUT IT IN PET BANKS (STATE BANKS) BIDDLE CALLED IN LOANS TO SAVE THE BANK, REFUSED TO MAKE NEW LOANS CHARTER EXPIRED

BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT CAUSES: DEEP DISAGREEMENTS ABOUT THE BANK FAVORED THE RICH? DISTRUST BANK/RESENT IT

BANK OF THE U.S. CONFLICT RESULTS: BANK OF THE U.S. BECAME JUST ANOTHER BANK, EVENTUALLY CLOSED JACKSON WAS CRICTICIZED – ACCUSED OF ABUSING HIS POWER WHIG PARTY FORMED ECONOMIC PROBLEMS